1,354,068 research outputs found
STUDIO RETROSPETTIVO SULL’UTILIZZO DEGLI ANTIDEPRESSIVI NELLA PROVINCIA DI AGRIGENTO E ANALISI FARMACOECONOMICA NEL BIENNIO 2011–2012
No full textLa depressione è una patologia nevrotica che secondo le stime OMS nel 2020 sarà la seconda malattia ad
alta prevalenza nel mondo, dopo le patologie cardiovascolari.
Negli ultimi anni c'è stata un'esplosione sia per numero di
nuovi casi che per intensità.
Materiali e metodi. E’ stata condotta una analisi dei dati di
consumo e di spesa attraverso il Progetto SFERA (Spesa-
Farmaceutica-Elaborazioni-Regioni-ASL) e il sistema di rilevazione ottica ricette SSN nel periodo compreso tra
gennaio/novembre per gli anni 2011 e 2012. I farmaci antidepressivi esaminati sono i seguenti, espressi in ATC 5. Per TCA di prima generazione: N06AA02, N06AA04,
N06AA06, N06AA09, N06AA10. Per i TCA di seconda generazione: N06AX03, N06AXOS. Per i TCA di terza
generazione: N06AX11, N06AX16, N06AX18, N06AX21. Per gli SSRI: N06AB03, N06AB04, N06ABOS, N06AB06,
N06AB08, N06AB10.
Risultati. Secondo i dati ISTAT per l’anno 2011 la popolazione stimata nella provincia di Agrigento è di 446.837 abitanti, di cui l’ 11,12 % è la percentuale che ha fatto
utilizzo di antidepressivi. Nel 2012 si è registrato un lieve
decremento, con una percentuale del 10,57 %. L’utenza femminile nel 2011 è stata del 68,94 % e nel 2012 del 60,40
% , di contro l’utenza maschile nel 2011 è stata pari al 31,06
% e nel 2012 al 31,60 %. Gli SSRI hanno una percentuale di prescrizione nel 2011 del 71,86 %, nel 2012 del 70,49 %,
mentre in ordine decrescente troviamo per il relativo biennio:
TCA terza generazione (16,32%-17,88%), TCA seconda
generazione (3,71%-3,99%), TCA prima generazione (8,11%-7,64%). La spesa netta/1000 abitanti residenti degli
SSRI nel biennio di riferimento è di 4.251,00 euro (σ=176,5);
per gli antidepressivi di terza generazione di 1.523,00 euro
(σ=78); antidepressivi di seconda generazione di 88,00 euro
(σ=7); antidepressivi di prima generazione di 121,00 euro
(σ=5). Le DDDx1000ab. per antidepressivi di prima, seconda
e terza generazione sono rispettivamente 1,20 per il 2011 e
1,10 per il 2012; 0,31-0,32; 5,07–5,27; mentre per gli SSRI
27,42-26,15.Conclusioni. I dati evidenziano nel biennio un lieve
decremento nell’utilizzo di antidepressivi nella provincia di
Agrigento, mentre l’analisi epidemiologica ha evidenziato
che: 1) le donne nel mirino dell’affezione depressiva sono
con una frequenza pari al doppio rispetto alla popolazione
maschile; 2) gli SSRI si attestano per consumo al primo
posto, seguiti dai TCA di terza generazione e comunque
insieme rappresentano gli indiscussi protagonisti nel
trattamento farmacologico della patologia depressiva con un
andamento sovrapponibile all’atteggiamento prescrittivo
registrato nelle aree regionale e nazionale
ANALISI ECONOMICA RETROSPETTIVA SULLE MISURE DI CONTENIMENTO DELLA SPESA FARMACEUTICA DELL’ASP 1 DI AGRIGENTO RELATIVE AL TRIENNIO 2010/2011/2012
No full textIntroduzione. Le misure di contenimento della spesa
farmaceutica sono state le principali prerogative previste dal
Piano di Rientro della Regione Sicilia ( adempimento A.1.2),
in tal senso le realtà delle singole ASP si sono adeguate alle
direttive regionali mostrando una classifica tra le Asp
siciliane che vedono come protagonista virtuosa l’Asp di
Agrigento, prima in classifica. La disamina dei dati fa
riferimento al triennio 2010/2011/2012.
Materiali e metodi. La rilevazione concerne farmaci
rimborsati dal SSN ed erogati tramite canale convenzionale
privato, farmaci distribuiti direttamente e quelli utilizzati in
ambito ospedaliero nel triennio 2010/2011/2012, attraverso
report sulla spesa farmaceutica della regione Sicilia.
Risultati. Nel 2010 la spesa farmaceutica annua è stata per
l’ASP 1 di Agrigento di € 102.942.864,99, questa grazie
all’incremento della distribuzione diretta, di cui al PHT
D.A.2205/08 attraverso l’introduzione di molecole
appartenenti alla categoria N05A (l’11,03 % della spesa
totale nell’anno 2011) secondi solo agli antianemici categoria
B03X (26,93 % della spesa totale) già presenti nel 2010. La
spesa della distribuzione diretta nel 2011 è stata di €
13.973.336,60 mentre la distribuzione attraverso le farmacie
private avrebbe fatto lievitare la spesa totale a €
25.006.073,81 nel 2012 invece l’importo è stato di €
14.953.719,04 ed attraverso il canale privato convenzionato
avremmo avuto un costo di € 29.530.504,13 . La spesa totale
dell’Asp è passata dunque da € 102.942.864,99 nel 2010, a €
92.883.552,99 nel 2011, a € 91.128.889,13 nel 2012.
Conclusioni. Le misure adottate per il contenimento della
spesa hanno previsto l’introduzione a partire dal 2011 degli
antipsicotici atipici, ed il potenziamento del primo ciclo di
terapia per il periodo susseguente alla dimissione ospedaliera
in base ai criteri dettati dal D.A. 0150/08 portando l’ASP di
Ag ad essere tra le più virtuose della regione Sicilia passando
dunque dalla sesta posizione in classifica nel 2010 alla prima
nel 2012 con un risparmio pari al 11,48 %, il passaggio degli
antipsicotici è stato dettato anche dalla necessità dei pazienti
che hanno nell’essere sottoposti a controlli periodici da parte
degli specialisti ma anche alla valutazione
dell’appropriatezza prescrittiva che in quest’ultimo caso è
affidato al farmacista ospedaliero. Un altro obiettivo
dell’ASP 1 di Agrigento mirato ad un ulteriore contenimento
della spesa è quello di estendere la distribuzione diretta anche
alla prescrizione successiva ad ogni visita specialistica ambulatoriale
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Author, publisher and bookseller : a tripartite synergy in Nigerian book industry
No full textThis work is about the roles of Author, Publisher and Bookseller in Book development in
Nigeria. The paper started by delving into the history of Book Publishing in Nigeria after
which it proceeded by defining who an author, a publisher, and a bookseller is and
expatiated on the indispensable roles of these key actors in Nigerian Book Industry and in
the emerging Information Society. Furthermore, the various constraints to book
development were identified while the paper advised on how the Book Industry can be
further promoted in Nigeria. However, the paper concluded and made recommendations
on how the Book sector can help in enhancing scholarship in the country
The Thursday Murder Club: Launching a megabrand author - a publishing case study
No full textIn 2020, the Christmas book charts in the UK made headlines: Barack Obama’s eagerly awaited autobiography, The Promised Land, was beaten to the top spot by The Thursday Murder Club by Richard Osman, a debut cosy crime novel set in a retirement village. Not only did Osman’s book beat the former US president’s expected bestseller, it also broke records, becoming the fastest-selling debut crime novel of all time. Although Osman has a certain level of fame in the UK from his TV appearances on shows such as Pointless, his celebrity status does not entirely explain the novel’s huge sales. This article tracks the acquisition, publication, and promotion journey of The Thursday Murder Club in order to understand the industry and cultural context of its success and to interrogate the role of celebrity in the creation of author brands. The findings suggest that the unexpected scale of the success of the book owed to a number of factors, including in-depth editing by the novel’s agent, editor, and author to tighten up the plot, an extensive and strategic promotional campaign, the pandemic (which drove interest in the book’s genre and themes), and the quality of the writing. We find that the book’s success was accentuated by Osman’s celebrity status rather than being entirely reliant on it. This research adds to the growing scholarship on celebrity authorship by means of an in-depth case study and provides insight into the processes behind publishing a ‘celebrity’ book and launching a megabrand author
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
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