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L'evidenza scientifica (e la prova giudiziaria) in tema di identificazione personale mediante elaborazione di immagini
No full textA New Method for Height Estimation Using Photogrammetry: Reliability and Validity
No full textAfter attending this presentation, attendees will gain knowledge of
a new method, and its reliability, for height estimation using
photogrammetry.
This presentation will impact the forensic science community by
demonstrating how height estimation of the subject videotaped while in
the act of robbery is a parameter that can be accurately estimated using
the proposed method, respecting the experimental conditions described,
and that it can consequently be utilized in probatory inquiries.
The identification of subjects by means of image comparison has
already been used in the past; however, the advent of new software for
the elaboration of images has provided a new impact and new resources
useful for the application of techniques for the identification of the
culprits. The sensitivity of the results of the investigations which, in
association with other evidence, can point the judge towards a verdict of
guilt or innocence, making the use of reliable scientific methods
necessary, without neglecting to highlight the possible objective limits of
the techniques used.
These scientific studies have had a particular impact in Italy, where
the identification of the culprit by means of the comparison between the
images of the arrested suspect and those of the subject videotaped in the
act of robbery is allowed.
The application of such techniques; however, requires the
permission of the suspect to be filmed by the bank surveillance system;
in addition, the images filmed during the robbery need to be of excellent
quality.
When this permission is denied, it might be useful to collect the
information regarding the robber’s stature from the images taken during
the robbery itself.
During this study, the possibility of determining the stature of a
subject by means of photogrammetry was investigated; such technique is
defined as the procedures that make use of photographs in order to obtain
the position, the shape and the dimension of a subject.
Preliminarily, actual heights (in cm) were obtained by measuring a
selection of 288 people including subjects of a height ranging from 150
cm to 200 cm with a metallic pole; they were all photographed while
standing in a doorway, so as to simulate the images of subjects taken in
the doorway of a bank.
The selected subjects were measured by a standardized method.
They were photographed (wearing shoes) positioned both standing still
and in movement; another operator measured the actual height by using
a metric pole, standing still, wearing the same shoes. The photographs
obtained were examined (by another operator who was unaware of the
actual heights) using a professional image editing software to determine
the height of the people selected using the grid technique.
In the assessment of the height of a person in motion, it was
attempted to standardize the measurement by filming the subjects placed
in such a position that their center of gravity corresponded with the
threshold of the door.
From what has been seen so far, the use of photograph for forensic
purposes can be considered useful only when the subject is filmed in a
static position (i.e., inside the bank doorway). The mean differential
values between the actual height and the height measured in people
standing, ranging from – 0.90 cm to + 1.24 cm, confirm the reliability of
the technique. However, the validity of the technique for the
measurement in motion is unreliable, owing to the high variability
between the actual heights and the measurements obtained by a
professional image editing software (ranging from – 3 cm to + 6 cm)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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