7 research outputs found
FIGURES 10–11. Hyalella georginae n in Two new species of Hyalella (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Hyalellidae) from state of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil
No full textFIGURES 10–11. Hyalella georginae n. sp. Paratype male (MNRJ 25900); (10) Gnathopod 1; (11) Gnathopod 2; Scales: (10– 11) represents 0.5 mm.Published as part of Morgana Tais Streck, Giovanna Monticelli Cardoso, Stella Gomes Rodrigues, Daniel Angelo Sganzerla Graichen & Daniela Da Silva Castiglioni, 2017, Two new species of Hyalella (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Hyalellidae) from state of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil, pp. 263-278 in Zootaxa 4337 (2) on page 266, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4337.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/101876
FIGURES 12–16. Hyalella georginae n in Two new species of Hyalella (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Hyalellidae) from state of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil
No full textFIGURES 12–16. Hyalella georginae n. sp. Paratype male (MNRJ 25900); (12) Pereopod 3; (13) Pereopod 4; (14) Pereopod 5; (15) Pereopod 6; (16) Pereopod 7; Scales: (12–16) represents 0.5 mm.Published as part of Morgana Tais Streck, Giovanna Monticelli Cardoso, Stella Gomes Rodrigues, Daniel Angelo Sganzerla Graichen & Daniela Da Silva Castiglioni, 2017, Two new species of Hyalella (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Hyalellidae) from state of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil, pp. 263-278 in Zootaxa 4337 (2) on page 267, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4337.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/101876
FIGURES 1–9. Hyalella georginae n in Two new species of Hyalella (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Hyalellidae) from state of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil
No full textFIGURES 1–9. Hyalella georginae n. sp. Paratype male (MNRJ 25900): (1) Habitus from holotype (MNRJ 25989), body length: 11.28 mm; (2) Antenna 1; (3) Antenna 2; (4) Upper lip; (5) Mandible; (6) Lower lip; (7) Maxilla 1; (8) Maxilla 2; (9) Maxilliped; Scales: (1–3) represents 0.5 mm; (9) 0.5 mm; (4–8) 0.2 mm.Published as part of Morgana Tais Streck, Giovanna Monticelli Cardoso, Stella Gomes Rodrigues, Daniel Angelo Sganzerla Graichen & Daniela Da Silva Castiglioni, 2017, Two new species of Hyalella (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Hyalellidae) from state of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil, pp. 263-278 in Zootaxa 4337 (2) on page 265, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4337.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/101876
ÁREAS DE PRESERVAÇÃO PERMANENTE E RESERVA LEGAL: EXPERIÊNCIA EM EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL ENVOLVENDO FAMÍLIAS DE PRODUTORES RURAIS
No full texthttp://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2236117010742Permanent Preservation Areas (APPs) and Legal Reserve (RL) are areas protected by the Brazilian Forest Code that play an important role in environmental conservation. Environmental awareness activities were conducted in the Settlements Potreiro Bonito and Terra Nova, located in the City of Palmeira das Missões-RS, to promote and expand the exchange of knowledge about APP and RL, and to encourage the conservation and recovery of these areas. The mobilization of settlers for participation in activities was performed with the aid of EMATER - Palmeira das Missões and the activities consisted of lectures, questions, exchange of experiences and distribution of tree seedlings. It was observed that producers recognize the importance of preserving the APPs and RLs, however, do not feel motivated to conserve such areas, because they perceive protected areas as areas economically inactive. This dissonance between the recognition of the importance of preserving the APPs in theory, and the concern of the loss of agricultural area in practice, highlights the importance of continued investment in environmental education, primarily through projects and long-term programs, to arouse the interest of the settlers on participate directly in a production process in harmony with the environment.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2236117010742Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APPs) e Reserva Legal (RL) são áreas protegidas pelo Código Florestal Brasileiro que exercem importante papel na preservação ambiental. Foram realizadas atividades de conscientização ambiental nos Assentamentos Potreiro Bonito e Terra Nova, localizados no Município de Palmeira das Missões-RS, visando a promover e ampliar a troca de conhecimento sobre APPs e RLs e incentivar a conservação e recuperação destas áreas. A mobilização dos assentados para a participação nas atividades foi realizada com o auxílio da EMATER- Palmeira das Missões e as atividades constaram de palestras, questionamentos, troca de experiências e distribuição de mudas de árvores. Observou-se que os produtores reconhecem a importância da preservação das APPs e RLs, entretanto, não se sentem motivados a conservar tais áreas, por perceberem as áreas protegidas como áreas economicamente inativas. Essa dissonância entre o reconhecimento da importância da preservação das APPs na teoria, e a preocupação da perda de área agriculturável na prática evidencia a importância do investimento contínuo em educação ambiental, principalmente através de projetos e programas de longo prazo, para despertar o interesse dos assentados em participar diretamente de um processo produtivo em harmonia com o meio ambiente
Hyalella gauchensis Castiglioni 2017, n. sp.
No full textHyalella gauchensis n. sp. Streck & Castiglioni Material examined: Holotype male, body length = 10.56 mm, head length = 0.64 mm (MNRJ 25901); Allotype female (MNRJ 25902). Brazil, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Palmeira das Missões municipality, Sítio Taqui (27°57'54.30"S 53°14'03.09"W), August, 10, 2012, Castiglioni, D.S. coll. Paratypes: MNRJ 25903 (20 males and 20 females), CCUFLA 0 390. All specimens with the same data as the holotype, August, 10, 2012, Castiglioni, D.S. coll. Mean body length of male paratypes: 10.78 ± 1.88 mm and female paratypes: 5.52 ± 1.40 mm. Type-locality. Brazil, state of Rio Grande do Sul: Sítio Taqui (27°57'54.30"S 53°14'03.09"W, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Palmeira das Missões municipality, artificial pond (Várzea river basin), 539 meters of altitude, August, 10, 2012. Diagnosis. Maxilla 2 inner plate with 10 serrulate setae and two robust papposerrate apical setae. Gnathopod 1 posterior lobe of carpus with polygonal pattern with one row of serrate setae and one row of denticles in combscales, propodus inner face with five long serrate setae and 9–10 short serrate setae, hammer-shaped, posterior and anterior distal margins with comb-scales. Gnathopod 2 carpus wider than long, posterior lobe with polygonal pattern and one row of comb-scales and serrate setae and one row of denticles in comb-scales, propodus ovate, longer than wide, palm longer than posterior margin of propodus, slope oblique, palm margin convex, posterior distal corner with cup for dactylus, dactylus reaching the lobe of propodus. Pleopods rami with long plumose setae. Uropod 1 inner ramus of male with one long curved setae followed by row of three small cuspidate setae. Uropod 2 inner ramus apex with 11 cuspidate setae. Uropod 3 peduncle with six cuspidate setae apically. Telson (male) as long as wide, with six apical cuspidate setae distributed in three clusters of two setae each, six plumose setae laterally. Coxal gills sac-like present on pereonites 2 to 6 and sternal gills tubular on pereonites 2 to 7. Description of male. (Fig. 24) Mean body length: 10.78 ± 1.88 mm, mean head length: 0.70 ± 0.18 mm (n=20). Body surface smooth; epimeral plates not acuminate. Head longer than the first thoracic segments, rostrum absent. Eyes round, pigmented (Fig. 24). Antenna 1 (Fig. 25) shorter than antenna 2, less than half body length; peduncle not surpassing head length, flagellum with 11 articles, longer than peduncle; aesthetascs occurring distally on flagellum after article 3. Antenna 2 (Fig. 26) peduncle surpassing the second pereonite, less than half body length, peduncle slender; flagellum with 15 articles and longer than peduncle. Upper lip (Fig. 27) margin rounded, distal border covered by several short setules on dorsal and ventral faces. Basic amphipodan mandible (Fig. 28) (in sensu of Watling 1993), without palp; incisor toothed; left lacinia mobilis with five teeth and setae row of left mandible with three long and three short pappose setae; molar process large, cylindrical and with one long accessory seta. Lower lip (Fig. 29) lobes rounded, with several setules on dorsal and ventral faces. Maxilla 1 (Fig. 30) palp uniarticulate, short, longer than wide, reaching less than half length the distance between the base of the palp and tip of setae on outer plate; inner plate shorter and slender than outer plate, with two long apical papposerrate setae, and some setules on the inner margin; outer plate with seven serrate setae. Maxilla 2 (Fig. 31) inner and outer plates of similar sizes; inner plate with several simple setae, ten serrulate setae and two papposerrate apical setae; outer plate with several simple long setae apically; outer and inner plates with several setules. Maxilliped (Fig. 32) inner plate apically rounded, longer than wide, with three apical cuspidate setae and simple setae apically, several pappose setae on inner margin; outer plate with simple apical setae; palp with four articles, with simple setae and few pappose setae; dactylus unguiform, shorter than propodus, with simple and pappose setae and comb-scales. Gnathopod 1 (Fig. 33) subchelate; coxal plate wider than long; basis and ischium with few simple setae dorsally; merus without setae; basis, ischium and merus with comb-scales posterodistally; carpus longer than wide, longer than propodus, with strong lateral distal lobe produced and forming a scoop-like structure with polygonal pattern and pectinate border, one row of serrate setae and one row of denticles in comb-scales, and ventral face with three serrate setae; propodus longer than wide, propodus length 1.5 times the maximum width (rectangular), hammer-shaped, inner face with five long serrate setae and 9–10 short serrate setae, posterior and anterior distal margins with denticles in comb-scales, disto-anterior border with a cluster of simple setae, palm slope oblique with few simple setae on the posterior distal corner; dactylus claw-like, with denticles in comb-scales and one plumose seta dorsally. Gnathopod 2 (Fig. 34) subchelate; coxal plate wider than long; basis, ischium and merus with simple setae and comb-scales on the disto-posterior margin; carpus wider than long, posterior lobe elongated with polygonal pattern, with pectinate border, one row of serrate setae and one row of denticles in comb-scales, disto-anterior margin with serrate setae; propodus ovate, longer than wide, propodus length 1.4 times width, posterior margin of lobe covered by denticles in comb-scales and with one strong cuspidate setae; palm smooth, longer than posterior margin of propodus, slope oblique, margin convex with several simple setae, posterior distal corner with a cup for dactylus; dactylus claw-like, reaching lobe of propodus, with one plumose seta dorsally, without comb-scales. Pereopods 3 to 7 (Figs. 35–39) simple, with several simple setae on border; ischium, merus, carpus and propodus posterior margin with cluster of simple and cuspidate setae; dactylus less than half length of propodus, unguiform; pereopod 3 and 4 with similar sizes; pereopod 5 smaller than others; pereopod 6 smaller than pereopod 7. Pleopods (Fig. 40) peduncle shorter than rami, with two coupling spines; both rami with long plumose setae. Uropod 1 (Fig. 41) peduncle 1.3 times longer than rami, with four cuspidate setae dorsally; inner ramus longer than outer ramus; inner ramus with three dorsal cuspidate setae, male with one long curved seta followed by three small cuspidate setae, four cuspidate setae apically (two of them longer than others); outer ramus with four dorsal cuspidate setae and three cuspidate setae apically. Uropod 2 (Fig. 42) shorter than uropod 1; peduncle rectangular as long as rami, with two cuspidate setae dorsally; inner ramus slightly longer than outer ramus, with three dorsal cuspidate setae and apex with seven cuspidate setae and one row of four short cuspidate setae; outer ramus with three cuspidate seta dorsally and apex with four cuspidate setae. Uropod 3 (Fig. 43) shorter than other uropods; peduncle longer than wide, wider than ramus, with six cuspidate setae apically; inner ramus absent; outer ramus uniarticulate, sub-equal to peduncle, with eight simple setae apically (two of them shorter than others). Telson (Fig. 44) entire, apically rounded, as wide as long, with six cuspidate setae apically distributed in three clusters of two setae each, six plumose setae laterally. Coxal gills sac-like present on pereonites 2 to 6 and sternal gills tubular on pereonites 2 to 7. Female. Mean body length: 5.52 ± 1.40 mm, mean head length: 0.59 ± 0.15 mm (n=20). Antenna 1 flagellum with 10 articles. Antenna 2 with 13 articles. Gnathopod 1 (Fig. 45) similar to male gnathopod 1; carpus longer than wide, posterior lobe margin with polygonal pattern and with serrate setae and denticles in comb-scales on the margin, and ventral face with three serrate setae; propodus longer than wide, hammer-shaped, inner face with six serrate setae and some simple setae, anterior and posterior distal margins with comb-scales; dactylus with combscales and one plumose seta. Gnathopod 2 (Fig. 46) similar in size to gnathopod 1, but the propodus of gnathopod 2 is longer than gnathopod 1; different to male gnathopod 2 in shape and smaller; carpus longer than wide, posterior lobe with polygonal pattern and denticles in comb-scales, one row of serrate setae on margin, anterior distal margin with few simple setae, and ventral face with two serrate setae; propodus rectangular, longer than wide, inner face with four serrate setae and few simple setae, palm transverse, posterior distal corner with one strong cuspidate seta, posterior and anterior distal margins with comb-scales; dactylus with comb-scales and one plumose seta. Telson similar in shape to male, but with four cuspidate setae and six plumose setae laterally. Habitat. Freshwater, epigean. Hyalella gauchensis was found in an artificial pond of shallow depth (around 30 cm) (Fig. 48). The pond presented a large amount of macrophytes of the genus Salvinia, which were used as shelter for the specimens of H. gauchensis. Conservation. Hyalella gauchensis occurs in an artificial pond that was built by the residents of the property for fish farming. To build the pond, the residents use the water from the spring where H. georginae inhabits. In the surroundings of the pond, there is no cultivation of any type of crops, which could be considered a threat to H. gauchensis, as the pesticides used in these cultures can be harmful to the amphipods. However, as this is an artificial pond, it is under the risk of drying out, in the case of the residents interrupt the water flow coming from the spring, which may cause the local extinction of the population of H. gauchensis. Etymology. The species epithet " gauchensis " is related to the Portuguese word "gaúcho", which means the native people or the residents of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Remarks. Using the taxonomic key of Rodrigues et al. (2014), we observed that H. gauchensis differs from the other species of the genus in Brazil. As H. georginae, Hyalella gauchensis resembles to H. montenegrinae, H. curvispina, H. castroi, H. pseudoazteca, H. kaingang, H. pleoacuta, H. carstica and H. xakriaba by present a curved seta on the inner ramus of uropod 1 of the males. Hyalella gauchensis is different from H. pleoacuta, H. kaingang and H. pseudoazteca by lacking dorsal flanges on pereions and pleonites. The new species differs from H. montenegrinae, H. curvispina, H. castroi, H. carstica and H. xakriaba in the type and number of setae on uropods, telson and inner face of gnathopod 1, as well as the shape and size of ganthopod 2 propodus. Hyalella georginae and H. gauchensis differ from each other in the number of serrate setae on the inner face of gnathopod 1, in the shape of gnathopod 2 propodus, in the number of setae on antenna 2, in the size of the plumose setae on pleopods and in the type and number of setae on uropods and telson.Published as part of Morgana Tais Streck, Giovanna Monticelli Cardoso, Stella Gomes Rodrigues, Daniel Angelo Sganzerla Graichen & Daniela Da Silva Castiglioni, 2017, Two new species of Hyalella (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Hyalellidae) from state of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil, pp. 263-278 in Zootaxa 4337 (2) on pages 269-276, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4337.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/101876
Hyalella georginae Castiglioni 2017, n. sp.
No full textHyalella georginae n. sp. Streck & Castiglioni Material examined: Holotype male, body length = 11.28 mm, head length = 0.90 mm (MNRJ 25898); Allotype female (MNRJ 25899). Brazil, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Palmeira das Missões municipality, Sítio Taqui (27°57'52.79"S – 53°14'02.59"W), August, 10, 2012, Castiglioni, D.S. coll. Paratypes: MNRJ 25900 (20 males and 20 females), CCUFLA 0 391. All specimens with the same data as the holotype, August, 10, 2012, Castiglioni, D.S. coll. Mean body length of male paratypes: 11.82 ± 2.88 mm and female paratypes: 7.84 ± 1.31 mm. Type-locality. Brazil, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Sítio Taqui (27°57'52.79"S – 53°14'02.59"W), state of Rio Grande do Sul, Palmeira das Missões municipality, small spring (Várzea river basin), 540 meters of altitude, August, 10, 2012. Diagnosis. Maxilla 2 inner plate with 9–10 serrulate setae and two robust papposerrate apical setae. Gnathopod 1 posterior lobe of carpus with one row of serrate setae and without comb-scales, propodus inner face with nine serrate setae, hammer-shaped, posterior and anterior distal margins with comb-scales. Gnathopod 2 carpus wider than long, posterior lobe with pectinate border and one row of serrate setae; propodus longer than wide and with posterior margin of lobe covered by denticles in comb-scales; palm smooth and sub-equal to posterior margin of propodus, slope oblique, palm margin convex; dactylus claw-like, short, not reaching lobe of propodus. Uropod 1 inner ramus of male with curved setae followed by four small cuspidate setae with accessory seta. Uropod 2 inner ramus apex with seven cuspidate setae. Uropod 3 peduncle with nine cuspidate setae with accessory setae apically. Telson as long as wide, with seven apical cuspidate setae with accessory seta distributed in two clusters (two setae and other side five four setae) and four plumose setae laterally. Coxal gills sac-like present on pereonites 2 to 6 and sternal gills tubular on pereonites 2 to 7. Description of male. (Fig. 1) Mean body length: 11.82 ± 2.88 mm, mean head length: 0.93 ± 0.24 mm (n=20). Body surface smooth; epimeral plates not acuminate. Head slightly longer than first pereonite, rostrum absent. Eyes round, pigmented (Fig. 1). Antenna 1 (Fig. 2) shorter than antenna 2, less half body length; peduncle not surpassing head length, article 2 with two distal plumose setae; flagellum with 15 articles, longer than peduncle; two aesthetascs per article occurring distally on flagellum after article 2. Antenna 2 (Fig. 3) peduncle not surpassing first pereonite, less than half body length, article 1 and 2 with cluster of simple setae on distal margin, article 2 with one plumose seta on lateral margin, article 3 with cluster of simple setae on distal margin and several simple setae along lateral margin; flagellum with 16 articles, longer than peduncle, basal article elongated. Upper lip (Fig. 4) margin rounded, distal border covered by several setules on dorsal and ventral faces. Basic amphipodan mandible (Fig. 5) (in sensu of Watling 1993), without palp; incisor toothed; left lacinia mobilis with five teeth and setae row on left mandible with three pappose setae; molar process large, cylindrical and with large accessory seta. Lower lip (Fig. 6) lobes rounded, with several setules on dorsal and ventral faces. Maxilla 1 (Fig. 7) palp uniarticulate, short, longer than wide, reaching less than half length the distance between the base of the palp and tip of setae on outer plate; inner plate slender, shorter than outer plate, apex with two papposerrate setae, and setules on the inner margin; outer plate with nine long serrate setae. Maxilla 2 (Fig. 8) inner and outer plates of similar sizes; inner plate with ten serrulate and several simple apical setae and two robust papposerrate apical setae; outer plate with several apical simple setae; outer and inner plates with several setules. Maxilliped (Fig. 9) inner plate apically rounded, longer than wide, with three cuspidate setae, apex and inner margins with pappose and simple setae; outer plate with simple setae apically; palp with four articles, with simple and pappose setae; dactylus unguiform, shorter than propodus, with simple setae. Gnathopod 1 (Fig. 10) subchelate; coxal plate wider than long; basis, ischium and merus with simple setae dorsally, with comb-scales posterodistally; carpus longer than wide, slightly longer than propodus, with strong lateral distal lobe produced and forming a scoop-like structure, posterior lobe of carpus with one row of serrate setae and without comb-scales, and ventral face with twenty serrate setae; propodus longer than wide, propodus width about 3⁄4 of maximum length (rectangular), hammer-shaped, inner face with nine serrate setae and several simple setae, posterior and anterior distal margins with denticles in comb-scales and simple setae, disto-anterior border with cluster of simple setae; palm slope oblique with cluster of simple setae on posterior distal corner; dactylus claw-like, with denticles in comb-scales and one plumose seta dorsally. Gnathopod 2 (Fig. 11) subchelate; coxal plate wider than long; ischium and merus with few simple setae on disto-posterior margin; basis, ischium and merus with one row of denticles in comb-scales on posterior margin; carpus wider than long, posterior lobe elongated, with pectinate border and one row of serrate setae, without polygonal pattern or comb-scales; propodus longer than wide, propodus length 1.5 times maximum width, posterior margin of lobe covered by denticles in comb-scales; palm smooth and sub-equal to posterior margin of propodus, slope oblique, palm margin convex, with several cuspidate setae and simple setae, posterior distal corner with cuspidate setae and simple setae; dactylus claw-like, short, not reaching lobe of propodus, with one plumose seta dorsally, without comb-scales. Pereopods 3 to 7 (Figs. 12–16) simple, with simple setae on border; ischium, merus, carpus and propodus posterior margin with cluster of simple and cuspidate setae; dactylus half-length of propodus, unguiform; pereopod 3 and 4 with similar sizes; pereopod 5 smaller than others; pereopod 6 smaller than pereopod 7. Pleopods (Fig. 17) peduncle shorter than rami, with two coupling spines; both rami with several short plumose setae. Uropod 1 (Fig. 18) peduncle slightly (1.2 times) longer than rami, with six cuspidate setae with accessory seta dorsally; inner ramus longer than outer ramus; inner ramus with four dorsal cuspidate setae with accessory seta, male with one curved seta followed by four small cuspidate setae with accessory seta, apex with four cuspidate setae (one of them with accessory seta); outer ramus with five dorsal cuspidate setae with accessory seta and four cuspidate setae apically (two of them with accessory seta). Uropod 2 (Fig. 19) shorter than uropod 1; peduncle rectangular as long as rami, with six cuspidate setae dorsally; inner ramus slightly longer than outer ramus, with five dorsal cuspidate setae, apex with seven cuspidate setae; outer ramus with six cuspidate setae dorsally and apex with four cuspidate setae. Uropod 3 (Fig. 20) shorter than other uropods; peduncle slightly longer than wide, wider than ramus, with cuspidate setae apically (nine of them cuspidate setae with accessory setae); ramus uniarticulate, sub-equal to peduncle, with eight simple setae and one short cuspidate seta apically, two cuspidate setae with accessory seta and five simple setae distributed along the ramus. Telson (Fig. 21) entire, apically rounded, as wide as long, with seven apical cuspidate setae with accessory seta distributed in two clusters (two setae and other side five four setae) and four plumose setae laterally. Coxal gills sac-like present on pereonites 2 to 6 and sternal gills tubular on pereonites 2 to 7. Female. Mean body length: 7.84 ± 1.32 mm, mean head length: 0.84 ± 0.14 mm (n=20). Antenna 1 flagellum with 12 articles. Antenna 2 flagellum with 13 articles. Gnathopod 1 (Fig. 22) similar to male gnathopod 1, wider than gnathopod 2; carpus longer than wide, with lateral distal lobe posterior lobe with polygonal pattern, one row of serrate setae and denticles in comb-scales on margin, and ventral face with seven serrate setae; propodus longer than wide, hammer-shaped, inner face with ten serrate setae, anterior and posterior distal margins with combscales, posterior distal corner with simple setae and one strong cuspidate setae; dactylus with comb-scales and one plumose seta. Gnathopod 2 (Fig. 23) carpus longer than wide, posterior lobe with polygonal pattern and one row of serrate setae, ventral face with three serrate setae; propodus rectangular, longer than wide, inner face with seven serrate setae and several simple setae, palm transverse, posterior distal margin with comb-scales, one short cuspidate setae and some simple setae on the posterior distal corner, anterior distal margin without comb-scales; dactylus with comb-scales and one plumose seta. Telson similar in shape to male, but with distinct pattern of distribution of the cuspidate setae with accessory seta (two clusters with three setae each, and the other side with four setae) and four plumose setae laterally. Habitat. Freshwater, epigean. The specimens of H. georginae were found in a spring shaded by small trees and surrounded by grasses and pteridophytes (Fig. 47). Despite macrophytes of the genus Lemna sp. occur in the spring, the specimens of the new species were found associated with the sediment. Conservation. The spring where H. georginae was found is well preserved and it is located in a rural property, which there is no cultivation of soybeans, wheat or barley (the most commons crops in the region). Furthermore, the water from the spring is collected to be used for human consumption, so is beneficial for the residents of the property keep this environment protected. Etymology. The species epithet " georginae " is in compliment to Dr. Georgina Bond-Buckup for her outstanding contribution to the study of Hyalella and other freshwater crustaceans in Brazil. Remarks. We noted that H. georginae differs from all Brazilian species of Hyalella using the taxonomic key of Rodrigues et al. (2014). The new species resembles to H. montenegrinae, H. curvispina, H. castroi, H. pseudoazteca, H. kaingang, H. pleoacuta, H. carstica Bastos-Pereira & Bueno, 2012 and H. xakriaba Bueno & Araujo, 2013 by the presence of a curved seta on the inner ramus of uropod 1 of the males. However, H. georginae differs from H. montenegrinae and H. carstica by presenting sternal gills on segments 2–7 and more than two apical setae on telson, respectively. The new species differs from H. curvispina, H. castroi, H. pseudoazteca, H. kaingang and H. pleoacuta by the fact that the dactylus of gnathopod 2 is shorter than propodus palm. Despite H. georginae resembles in the length of the dactylus of gnathopod 2 to H. xakriaba and H. brasiliensis, the new species differs from H. xakriaba by presenting simple apical setae on outer ramus of uropod 3 and from H. brasiliensis by showing nine serrate setae on inner face of propodus of gnathopod 1. Besides, H. georginae present a peculiar pattern of setae on peduncle and ramus of uropod 3.Published as part of Morgana Tais Streck, Giovanna Monticelli Cardoso, Stella Gomes Rodrigues, Daniel Angelo Sganzerla Graichen & Daniela Da Silva Castiglioni, 2017, Two new species of Hyalella (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Hyalellidae) from state of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil, pp. 263-278 in Zootaxa 4337 (2) on pages 264-269, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4337.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/101876
Expression of Ion Transporters and Na+/K+-ATPase and H+-ATPase Activities in the Gills and Kidney of Silver Catfish (Rhamdia quelen) Exposed to Different pHs
No full textExposure to acidic and alkaline pHs results in an ionic imbalance. Cellular responses involved in osmoregulation in silver catfish exposed to different pHs (5.5, 7.5, and 9.0) for 24 h were evaluated. The gills and kidney were collected to measure Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) and H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) activities and to evaluate the expression of ion transporter-related genes: NKA (atp1a1), H+-ATPases (atp6v0a1b, atp6v0a2a, atp6v0a2b), Na+/H+ antiporter (slc9a3), K+/Cl− symporters (slc12a4, slc12a6, slc12a7a, slc12a7b), Na+/K+/2Cl− symporter (slc12a2), and ammonium transporter Rh type b (rhbg). The gills presented greater responses to pH changes than the kidney. The pH alterations changed the atp1a1 gene expression and NKA activity, whereas the H+-ATPase activity increased in the gills in alkaline water, probably to maintain ionic balance. The slc9a3 and slc12a2 genes play more prominent roles in the ion uptake at acidic pH than H+-ATPase. The slc12a7a was the only isoform of this transporter affected by pH. The rhbg is apparently related to ammonia excretion through the gills and kidney (minor scale). Exposure to alkaline pH seems to be battled by impairment of NKA and H+-ATPase activities in the gills, whereas the expression of some ion transporters in silver catfish changes during both acidic and alkaline pHs.B. Baldisserotto received a research fellowship from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, Brazil). This study was also supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS, Brazil). The authors also thank Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, Brazil) for the post-doctoral scholarship for C.F. Souza, CAPES PrInt visiting professor for G. Martínez-Rodríguez and A.P.G. Almeida, and PhD scholarships for S.N. Descovi and A.E. Bianchini, finance code 001.Peer reviewe
