1,721,021 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Study of the reduced amplitude of mismatch negativity in schizophrenia from Behaviour Analysis
No full textTesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, leída el 10-11-2023La esquizofrenia es un diagnóstico psiquiátrico que recibe en torno al 1% de la población y que está asociado a un elevado grado de malestar que afecta tanto al individuo que la sufre como a su entorno más inmediato. Debido a ello, durante las últimas décadas se ha destinado una gran cantidad de recursos a su investigación, destacando especialmente aquella que se realiza desde la neurociencia. De esta forma, estos estudios se centran en la identificación de alteraciones cerebrales específicas de esta población, con el objetivo de entender cómo dan lugar a los síntomas que la caracterizan. Dichos abordajes, por tanto, adoptan una serie de asunciones filosóficas, generalmente de manera implícita, que sitúa la causa de la esquizofrenia en un mal funcionamiento del cerebro. Así, aunque se reconoce el papel que variables situadas en otros niveles ontológicos (e.g., aislamiento social, experimentar vivencias traumáticas, enfrentarse a una situación de estrés) pueden estar desempeñando en la etiología de la condición, se considera que su influencia esta mediada por el cerebro. En otras palabras, experimentar una vivencia traumática, por ejemplo, produciría determinadas alteraciones cerebrales que, en conjunto con la influencia de otras variables, terminaría provocando esquizofrenia...Schizophrenia is a psychiatric diagnosis that affects around 1% of the population. It is associated with a high degree of discomfort that affects both the individual suffering from it and their immediate environment. Because of this, in recent decades a large number of resources has been devoted to research, especially that carried out from neuroscience. Thus, these studies focus on the identification of specific brain alterations in this population, with the aim of understanding how they give rise to the symptoms that characterize it. These approaches, therefore, adopt a series of philosophical assumptions, usually implicitly, that place the cause of schizophrenia in a malfunctioning of the brain. Thus, although the role that variables located at other ontological levels (e.g., social isolation, experiencing trauma, facing a stressful situation) may be playing in the aetiology of the condition is recognized, their influence is considered to be mediated by the brain. In other words, experiencing a traumatic experience, for example, would produce certain brain alterations which, together with the influence of other variables, would end up causing schizophrenia...Fac. de PsicologíaTRUEunpu
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Temporo-Parietal Cortex and Attention Circuit Dysfunction as Endophenotype of Depression
Full text linkTesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, leída el 06-04-2022La depresión supone uno de los problemas de salud mental de mayor incidencia en la población, generando grandes costes económicos, sociales y humanos para la sociedad, además de presentar una alta comorbilidad con otros desórdenes emocionales y una elevada tasa de mortalidad (Paykel et al., 2005). La naturaleza familiar del trastorno depresivo mayor ha sido confirmada a través de diversos estudios y se ha planteado como un trastorno parcialmente causado por componentes genéticos (Gershon, 1982; Odgerel et al., 2013; Sullivan et al., 2000) y sus interacciones con las condiciones ambientales (Disner et al., 2011; HEATH et al., 1999; Vázquez C. et al., 2010). Por ello, se ha considerado que personas con historia familiar de depresión tienen mayor posibilidad de presentar endofenotipos depresivos (Odgerel et al., 2013).En general, el trastorno depresivo mayor (en adelante MDD) es tratado como un desorden afectivo caracterizado por un procesamiento alterado de la información emocional. Por ello, las anormalidades en el funcionamiento cerebral subyacentes a estos procesos y asociadas a la historial familiar de MDD deberían ser buenos candidatos para la identificación de endofenotipos de depresión...Depression is one of the most prevalent mental disorder which generates great social, economic and human costs. Beyond, it presents a high comorbidity with other affective disorders and a high mortality rate (Paykel, Brugha & Fryeres, 2005). The familiar nature of the major depressive disorder (onwards, MDD) has been highlighted by several studies, and therefore, MDD has been conceptualized as a disorder originated by genetic components (Gershon et al., 1982; Sullivan, Neale & Kendler, 2000; Talati, Weissman & Hamilton, 2013) and its interaction with environmental factors (Bierut et al., 1999, Vázquez C. et al., 2010, Disner et al-. 2011). Therefore, individuals with a family history of depression (onwards, FH) are considered to manifest more likely depressive endophenotypes (Tatali et al., 2013).In general, MDD is considered as an affective disorder characterized by an altered emotional processing. Therefore, the abnormalities in the brain functioning underlying these processes associated to the FH status should represent reliable candidates for endophenotypes of depression...Fac. de PsicologíaTRUEunpu
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Inhibition and excitation of the human visual cortex during fear learning
No full textTesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, leída el 13-07-2023El miedo es una emoción básica encontrada a través de las especies (Ekman, 1992) que permite al organismo sobrevivir en el medio (Öhman et al., 2001; Öhman & Mineka, 2001). Por ello, una correcta y rápida identificación de las señales de miedo o seguridad en el contexto es crucial. En psicología, la adquisición de esta emoción ha sido ampliamente estudiada gracias a un paradigma Pavloviano (Pavlov, 1897) llamado condicionamiento de miedo (Critchley et al., 2002; Fullana et al., 2020; Lonsdorf et al., 2017). De este modo, podemos asociar un perjuicio nocivo (por ejemplo, un ruido blanco de alto volumen) con un estímulo condicionado (por ejemplo, un degradado visual sinusoidal) el cual se vuelve una señal de miedo (CS+). Por el contrario, un estímulo neutral cuya presencia no está emparejada con un el perjuicio nocivo se convierte en una señal irrelevante para el miedo (CS-). En el presente trabajo, nos centramos en la modulación de miedo condicionado en la corteza visual. Evidencias previas (Keil et al., 2007; Miskovic & Keil, 2012; Moratti et al., 2017) han demostrado la ganancia excitadora e inhibidora de la corteza visual por parte del CS+ y el CS-, respectivamente. Mientras que la modulación de aumento ha sido ampliamente reportada (Keil et al., 2007; Moratti & Keil, 2009; Yuan et al., 2018), la modulación de disminución es menos comprendida (McTeague et al., 2015; Moratti et al., 2017). Así, la adquisición de inhibición del CS- ofrece un interesante enfoque para estudiar el aprendizaje de seguridad en la corteza visual (Laing & Harrison, 2021; Odriozola & Gee, 2021). Sin embargo, los mecanismos neurales subyacentes a tal modulación de aumento y disminución en la corteza visual (Z. Li et al., 2019) permanece sin esclarecer a pesar de las hipótesis colinérgicas para la excitación del CS+ (Letzkus et al., 2011; Rodriguez et al., 2004; Schroeder et al., 2022).Fear is a basic emotion shared across species (Ekman, 1992) that allows the organism to survive in the environment (Öhman et al., 2001; Öhman & Mineka, 2001). Hence, correct and rapid identification of fear or safety cues in the context is crucial. In psychology, the acquisition of this emotion has been widely studied using the Pavlovian paradigm (Pavlov, 1897) called fear conditioning (Critchley et al., 2002; Fullana et al., 2020; Lonsdorf et al., 2017). Thereby, we can associate an aversive event (e.g., loud white noise) with a conditioned stimulus (e.g., a visual sine grating) which turns into a fear-relevant signal (CS+). Conversely, a neutral stimulus whose presence is not paired with the aversive event becomes a fear-irrelevant signal (CS-).In the present work, we focus on the fear conditioned modulation of the visual cortex. Previous evidence (Keil et al., 2007; Miskovic & Keil, 2012; Moratti et al., 2017) has demonstrated the excitatory and inhibitory gain modulation of the visual cortex from CS+ and CS-, respectively. While the up-modulation has been widely reported (Keil et al., 2007; Moratti & Keil, 2009; Yuan et al., 2018), the down-modulation is less understood (McTeague et al., 2015; Moratti et al., 2017). Thus, the acquisition of inhibitory properties for the CS- offers an interesting framework for studying safety learning in the visual cortex (Laing & Harrison, 2021; Odriozola & Gee, 2021). However, the neural mechanisms underlying such up and down modulations in the visual cortex (Z. Li et al., 2019) remain unclear despite of the cholinergic hypothesis for CS+ excitation (Letzkus et al., 2011; Rodriguez et al., 2004; Schroeder et al., 2022)...Fac. de PsicologíaTRUEunpu
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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