1,721,055 research outputs found
Bridging real-time CAN networks with in-vehicle single pair ethernet: A time-sensitive networking approach
No full textThis paper explores the challenges of integrating existing in-vehicle networks (IVNs) with Ethernet, explicitly focusing on the coexistence of traditional Controller Area Network (CAN) systems with Single Pair Ethernet (SPE) and Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN). The research presents an experimental setup using real hardware to simulate a zonal vehicle architecture, where CAN nodes are integrated into the in-vehicle Ethernet network. The approach utilizes a gateway implemented on a TSN-enabled switch, facilitating seamless connectivity between the real-time CAN network and the TSN-enabled in-vehicle Ethernet. The study demonstrates the feasibility of combining real-time CAN traffic with high-bandwidth Ethernet traffic through the integrated gateway. It also emphasizes the crucial role of TSN features in maintaining the real-time properties of the CAN network, even in the presence of additional traffic loads
Fault simulation in Phasor Measurement Units: A study on system reaction time in a 5G network environment
Full text linkIn the era of electrical substation digitalization, the reliability of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) is crucial. This paper addresses the impact of fault conditions in PMUs on system reaction time, particularly when PMUs are transmitting data over a 5G network. Two types of faults are considered. Step faults affect PMUs for 100–150 ms. Synchronization loss can take up to 10 minutes to return to normal in the case of GPS. The first one considers the PMU losing its sync, although the communication subsystem remains stable. The second instead considers a fault also on the communication. In both cases, the Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC) should be able to detect these anomalies. Nevertheless, the overhead given by 5G latencies should not mask anomalies in the packets sent by healthy and affected PMUs. This study provides valuable insights into improving the robustness and reliability of real-time PMU systems in a 5G network environment
Packet Losses Distributions in 5G Networks for PMU-Based Monitoring Systems
No full textThe rapid shift toward digitalization of electrical substations, has pushed research interest toward the analysis of feasibility in using low latency and high reliability communication infrastructure. In particular, the adoption of 5G networks in Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) within the framework of IEC 61850 digital substations has shown promising results. Building upon this, in this paper we address the critical issue of packet loss. Based on a real distribution network, we analyze packet loss patterns their time distribution. The results provides valuable insights into the reliability of the communication network analyzing the behavior of the network in different scenarios involving changes in the number and positioning of gNBs. This work can represent a foundation for improving robustness and reliability of 5G-base real-time PMUs systems
5G-Enabled PMU-Based Distributed Measurement Systems: Network infrastructure optimization and scalability analysis
Full text linkIn recent years, there has been a rapid shift towards a fully digital paradigm in electrical substations. This shift is driven by the need for greater interoperability between different instruments and control actions, which is facilitated by the IEC 61850 series of standards. In this paper, we specifically focus on Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) and their role in this digital transformation. One of the challenges in adopting high-performance wired communication standards such as Ethernet and TSN is the cost associated with wiring over long distances between substations. To overcome this limitation, we explore the feasibility of utilizing a 5G communication infrastructure to transmit PMU measurements. Our study simulates a real-world distribution network and assesses the worst-case latency between PMUs and Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC) by scaling the number of PMUs considered. With a mean communication latency of 20 ms, the 5G communication infrastructure proves to be a valuable solution, particularly in distribution networks where the monitoring applications rely on update rates in the order of few tens of ms
Optimized 5G Communication Infrastructure for PMU-Based Distributed Measurement Systems
No full textIn recent years, there has been a rapid shift towards a fully digital paradigm in electrical substations. This shift is driven by the need for greater interoperability between different instruments and control actions, which is facilitated by the IEC 61850 series of standards. In this paper, we specifically focus on Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) and their role in this digital transformation. One of the challenges in adopting high-performance wired communication standards such as Ethernet and TSN is the cost associated with wiring over long distances between substations. To overcome this limitation, we explore the feasibility of utilizing a 5G communication infrastructure to transmit PMU measurements. Our study simulates a real-world distribution network and assesses the worst-case latency between PMUs and Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC) by scaling the number of PMUs considered. With a mean communication latency of 20 ms, the 5G communication infrastructure proves to be a valuable solution, particularly in distribution networks where line lengths are relatively short
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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