1,721,297 research outputs found
Oral field cancerization: History and future perspectives
Full text linkNotwithstanding extended surgical approaches or adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, the development of multiple neoplastic lesions arising in the oral cavity after treatment still represents a critical clinical challenge in the management of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Such clinical behavior of oral squamous cell carcinoma is nowadays better known as "field" cancerization effect as suggested by Slaughter, the author that for the first time tried to describe it in a scientific paper. Field cancerization is now widely accepted not only in head and neck oncology but also in other anatomical districts as well as in different types of epithelial neoplasia. A brief history of the theory of field cancerization is here proposed and future perspectives deriving from new molecular techniques are discussed
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
No full textCOPD is defined as a preventable condition given that environmental/nongenetic factors play a crucial role in the initiation and development of most of the disease’s clinical expressions, which are possibly related to several interconnected preventable traits. Most of the current evidence on COPD pathogenesis originates from cigarette smoking, and to a lesser extent exposure to outdoor, indoor, and occupational pollutants. Therefore, currently available evidence regarding prevention strategies, and particularly primary prevention, is mainly related to these preventable traits. Smoking cessation has the greatest capacity for influencing the natural history of COPD, and smoking avoidance and cessation remains the only proven primary prevention strategy for chronic respiratory diseases. However, even25 years after the publications of the WHO regarding cigarette smoking, there is still no solid evidence indicating that this convention has globally reduced cigarette consumption. Primary prevention of adverse air pollution effects has been focused on developing ambient air quality guidelines; however, many countries have lacked in the enforcement of standards. BMF air pollutants measured in homes in low-income countries
have been greater than the corresponding values in high-income countries, with evidence of a consistent dose-response relationship. Improving cooking fuels and kitchen ventilation could potentially be effective in decreasing COPD incidence in these conditions. However, although primary prevention remains fundamental for COPD and for all chronic diseases, the evidence of its feasibility and effectiveness remains weak. This weakness is emphasized by a National Institutes of Health (NIH) workshop report that provides a detailed list of future research/actions necessary to properly address this important issue (Box 1). Many strategies have been developed for the many identified preventable trait; however, although these are effective in theory, there are no tangible changes in real-world/large-scale conditions.
In addition, there is current accumulating evidence highlighting that the origins of some chronic diseases, including COPD, could already be present shortly after birth and that primary prevention of chronic obstructive respiratory diseases should probably be started during pregnancy and the first years of life
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Utility of large sections (macrosections) in breast cancer pathology
No full textLarge sections (LSs), (synomim: macrosections), are used in daily routine practice of breast pathology to better investigate the disease and to allow a thorough diagnosis. It has been demonstrated that costs do not differ from conventional blocking and the turn-around-time could be no longer than 24 hours. Immunohistochemistry or molecular studies are feasible by selecting areas of interest from LS and cutting them to obtain small conventional blocks. LSs are also employed in surgical pathology of various organs, among which breast is comprised. LS in breast pathology is useful to a proper definition of stage disease, tumor size (TS), tumor extent (TE), tumor multifocality (TM) and resection margins. The presence and extension of in situ carcinoma is more completely observed, overcoming the difficulties of gross inspection at naked eye. In the multidisciplinary era, LSs allow the correlations between radiological and pathological data. In addition, LSs play an important role in cases treated with neo-adjuvant (NAD) chemotherapy, as they are useful to better evaluate the residual cancer burden and the degree of tumour regression. The aim of the present paper is to review the value of LS in breast pathology
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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