1,721,208 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Apple responses to fruit sunburn in Italy
No full textSunburn is a physiological disorder attributed to high solar radiation and air temperatures. With climate change, this phenomenon will tend to expand to new areas, as the Mediterranean basin. The effects of 2 irrigation restitutions (100 and 70% of evapotranspiration) and 2 training systems (2D and 3D) were evaluated and related to plant water status, in two commercial apple orchards (both Gala varieties) in Italy, during summer 2021. Aluminum foils were applied to a number of fruit, for each treatment, and their temperature was monitored, along with that of control fruit (no aluminum foil), in the last 25 days before harvest. Sunburn occurred only where aluminum foil was applied, where the generally higher temperatures might have been caused by higher reflected irradiance. The results showed that the training system was highly influencing fruit temperature (p 0.0003), rather than deficit irrigation. A 2D-shaped tree will intercept regular quantities of solar radiation, hence fruit will adapt to higher light environments all along the season; in fact, only 1 fruit experienced sunburn. On the contrary, the 3D-shaped trees, having a more irregular canopy, produced 4 sunburned fruit. Assumptions can be made that prolonged exposure of fruit to higher irradiances, since early in the season, and consequently air temperatures, induced higher protection mechanisms against sunburn. An interesting corelation between stem water potential and control fruit temperature, revealed a strong negative relationship (p 0.006). Less stressed plants appeared to have less warm fruit. Suggestions arise that plant water status may play an important role, thus certain training systems that maintain lower water potentials, like a fruiting wall canopy, might help prevent sunburn damage. As fruit were damaged only due to the application of aluminum foils, one could conclude that solar radiation and air temperature levels were insufficient to cause sunburn in the trial
Apple russeting: the contribution of surface conductance in the early fruit growth development stages
No full textBiophysical fruit growth depends on a balance among the vascular and transpiration flows which enter/exit the fruit via phloem, xylem, and through the epidermis. There is a lack of information about how russet could influence fruit growth in apples by affecting these mechanisms. Two apple cultivars “Renetta Grigia di Torriana” (RGT) and “Golden Delicious” (GD) were monitored in their first stage of development determining fruit surface conductance (gc), as well as fruit growth parameters as absolute growth rate (AGR) and relative growth rate (RGR). The gc and growth behaviors of the two cultivars were compared to outline if there was a different fruit development pattern, assuming RGT has a more spread russet on its skin while GD is russet-free. The fruit gc was significantly higher in RGT compared to GD, after the manifestation of russeting on the skin surface while daily AGR and RGR trends were relatively similar between the cultivars. Thus, the fruit growth pattern in the initial stage of development suggests that the presence of russet does not affect daily fruit quantitative growth, but it does influence the within-day pattern. Fruit with higher gc have higher transpiration and xylematic fluxes thus inducing in the diurnal growth pattern a greater fruit shrinkage during the day followed by a higher recovery enlargement at night. This suggests a cultivar-dependent contribution of the vascular fluxes within the day that may be a cause-effect of russet development. Besides, this knowledge can provide hints on how to optimize resource inputs to the orchard shifting from a species-base to a cultivar-base water/environment requirement
Walking around the African Continent: One Health experiences
Full text linkThe One Health approach integrates human, animal, and environmental health to address several social
issues, including zoonotic diseases. The concept, introduced to the veterinary domain in Italy by Adriano
Mantovani and developed by his students, emphasizes the interconnectedness of species and their shared
environment. The paper traces several research projects performed in Africa that illustrate this approach. In
Somalia, Italian cooperation in Mogadishu led to studies on helminths in stray cats and chickens, revealing
significant zoonotic threats, particularly from Ancylostomatidae species. A 2008 investigation into 1400
land turtles from North Africa uncovered a high prevalence of various Salmonella serotypes and Hyalomma
aegypticum ticks, underscoring the risks of exotic pets. Research in Sahrawi refugee camps revealrd
ultrasonography evidence of echinococcosis in humans and parasitological findings in animals, while a
seropositivity rate of 32% for toxoplasmosis, necessitating further study despite limited funding. A study on
wild ruminants in South African game preserves linked poor body condition scores to high parasite loads,
emphasizing the need for effective management practices to conserve biodiversity and prevent zoonotic
diseases. For the first time, Echinococcus equinus was reported in a white rhinoceros in Kruger National
Park, expanding knowledge on wildlife parasitology. At Songea slaughterhouse in Tanzania, a high
prevalence of fasciolosis in cattle was linked to water sources, revealing significant economic and zoonotic
impacts, furthermore, the laboratory analyses allowed to exclude some important zoonotic diseases in the
slaughtered animals. A study in Limpopo National Park, Mozambique, identified Echinococcus ortleppi in
cattle, highlighting the challenges of disease monitoring in rural areas. The paper underscores the value
of integrating local knowledge and international cooperation in advancing the One Health agenda and
addressing neglected zoonotic diseases in Africa
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