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Letter to Philippe-Antoine Merlin, 1802 November 12.
No full textLetter to Philippe-Antoine Merlin, concerning a conflict involving charges of plagarism between the author and C. Laucuouque, dated "21 brumaire, an 11." The author's signature is not entirely legible. Accompanying enveloped shows traces of red wax seal
An economic analysis of the production of hydrogen from wind-generated electricity for use in transport applications
No full textWind-generated electricity is often considered a particularly promising option for producing hydrogen from renewable energy sources. However, the economic performances of such systems generally remain unclear because of unspecified or favorable assumptions and operating conditions. The aim of this paper is to clarify these conditions by examining how the hydrogen produced is used. The analysis that has been conducted in the framework of the HyFrance 3 project concerns hydrogen for transport applications. Different technical systems are considered such as motorway hydrogen filling stations, Hythane®-fueled buses or second-generation biofuels production, which present contrasted hydrogen use characteristics. This analysis reveals considerable variations in hydrogen production costs depending on the demand profiles concerned, with the most favorable configurations being those in which storage systems are kept to a minimum.wind power ; hydrogen production
A Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Scans Identifies IL18RAP, PTPN2, TAGAP, and PUS10 As Shared Risk Loci for Crohn's Disease and Celiac Disease
No full textThis is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Neisseria meningitidis differentially controls host cell motility through PilC1 and PilC2 components of type IV pili
No full textNeisseria meningitidis is a strictly human pathogen that has two facets since asymptomatic carriage can unpredictably turn into fulminant forms of infection. Meningococcal pathogenesis relies on the ability of the bacteria to break host epithelial or endothelial cellular barriers. Highly restrictive, yet poorly understood, mechanisms allow meningococcal adhesion to cells of only human origin. Adhesion of encapsulated and virulent meningococci to human cells relies on the expression of bacterial type four pili (T4P) that trigger intense host cell signalling. Among the components of the meningococcal T4P, the concomitantly expressed PilC1 and PilC2 proteins regulate pili exposure at the bacterial surface, and until now, PilC1 was believed to be specifically responsible for T4P-mediated meningococcal adhesion to human cells. Contrary to previous reports, we show that, like PilC1, the meningococcal PilC2 component is capable of mediating adhesion to human ME180 epithelial cells, with cortical plaque formation and F-actin condensation. However, PilC1 and PilC2 promote different effects on infected cells. Cellular tracking analysis revealed that PilC1-expressing meningococci caused a severe reduction in the motility of infected cells, which was not the case when cells were infected with PilC2-expressing strains. The amount of both total and phosphorylated forms of EGFR was dramatically reduced in cells upon PilC1-mediated infection. In contrast, PilC2-mediated infection did not notably affect the EGFR pathway, and these specificities were shared among unrelated meningococcal strains. These results suggest that meningococci have evolved a highly discriminative tool for differential adhesion in specific microenvironments where different cell types are present. Moreover, the fine-tuning of cellular control through the combined action of two concomitantly expressed, but distinctly regulated, T4P-associated variants of the same molecule (i.e. PilC1 and PilC2) brings a new model to light for the analysis of the interplay between pathogenic bacteria and human host cells
Modification of α-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis by the polyaldehyde derived from β-cyclodextrine and α-amylase thermostability
No full textAbstractThe cleavage of β-cyclodextrine by sodium periodate at the seven 2–3 diols of the glucose unit gives rise to the polyaldehyde 1, used to modify α-amylase. The reductive modification of α-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis reduced the number of reactive lysine groups from 8 to 3.5 per mol of enzyme with an activity loss of 25% and increased the half-life at 80°C from 4.7 to 7.0 minutes
Modelling Impact Damage on Aircraft Structures (MIDAS): Predicting impact damage on (composite) aircraft based on maintenance data of (metal) aircraft
No full textIn this thesis, a methodology is presented to predict impact damage on next-generation (composite) aircraft based on maintenance data of in-service (metal) aircraft. To achieve this conversion, an analytical model is developed to Model Impact Damage on Aircraft Structures (MIDAS) for composite (-C ) and metal (-M ) aircraft. The model characterizes impact threats based on damage dimensions in two steps. First, for a given specific threat an impact event is approximated, and the corresponding damage (i.e. the permanent dent) is estimated. Second, the analytical model is reverse engineered to deduce the impact threat characteristics from the permanent damage. MIDAS-M implements a new transition region between the local and global deformation modes based on penetration limits, while composite variant (MIDAS-C) provides a novel approach for the permanent indentation in the post fiber breakage region.Aerospace Engineerin
How to Democratize the European Union... And why bother?
No full textA contradictory creation indeed, the European Union has most of the institutions of a modern democracy, yet it does not function as one. Moreover, its growing scope of activity and supranational decision making processes are undermining the legitimacy of democracy in its member states. Much has been written about this double 'democratic deficit,' but surprisingly little thought has been given to what to do about it_short of drafting and ratifying a new federal constitution. In this provocative book, Philippe C. Schmitter explores both the possibility and the desirability of democratizing the EU. He argues that as a 'non-state' and a 'non nation' it will have to invent new forms of citizenship, representation, and decisionmaking if it is ever to democratize itself. The author also contends that the timing and political context work against a full-scale constitutionalization of the process. He proposes a number of modest (and some less modest) reforms that could improve the situation in the near future and eventually lead to a genuine Euro-democracy.--Preface
--1 Euro-democracy: Introduction
--2 Citizenship
--3 Representation
--4 Decision Making
--5 Why Bother?
--Bibliography
--Index
--Index of Names
--About the Autho
Presence of Leptospira spp in rodents from 3 countries of mainland Southeast Asia
No full textRodents were screened for Leptospira infection using molecular methods. Original data and methods are given in:
Cosson J.-F., Picardeau M., Mielcarek M., Tatard C., Chaval Y., Suputtamongkol Y., Buchy P., Jittapalapong S., Herbreteau V., Morand S. (2014). Epidemiology of Leptospira transmitted by rodents in Southeast Asia. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 8(6): e2902. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002902.
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The Effects of Endogenous Protection on the Economic Landscape
No full textThe author studies the impact of political economy variables on the spatial distribution of industry. The political game between a single lobby and a partial opportunistic incumbent may alter the economic landscape of a small economy. The trade policy endogenously determined becomes the channel to understand how the players’ behaviour impacts on the long run spatial distribution of industry. When the rest of the world is a free trader and the spending share of an economy is relatively small, the marginal change in the trade policy has a relevant impact on the industry share. Amazingly, if a small economy is characterised by a government that is not very much concerned about general welfare and there is a lobby of few capital owners that play actively, the possible outcome will be a relocation of industry that favours such an economy. Capital owners might make capital flow to look for protection. Political variables may act as a dispersion force.
C-PROM
No full textC-PROM is a French segmented and annotated corpus, for prominence study. 24 recordings within 7 speaking styles are included. Speakers are from Belgium, France and Switzerland.C-PROM est un corpus aligné et annoté, développé pour l'étude des proéminences syllabiques en français. Il inclut 24 enregistrements échantillonnés en 7 genres (ou styles) de parole et produits par des locuteurs francophones (issus de Belgique, de France et de Suisse). Les données sonores (au format wav) sont accompagnées de fichiers d'annotation multi-niveaux (TextGrid) et de détection de F0 (Pitch)
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