2,292 research outputs found
The Salvadoran Willie Horton: MS-13, electoral politics, and racialized fear mongering
No full textPeer reviewe
Conceptual and empirical obstacles in defining MS-13: law-enforcement perspectives
No full textResearch Summary
Past and present gang scholarship is marked by debate as to the appropriate criteria for defining gangs and gang membership. Mara Salvatrucha, or MS-13, highlights some obstacles in conceptualizing gangs and operationalizing gang membership. Although MS-13 has generated attention in recent years, little systematic criminological research exists on the gang. Drawing on in-depth interviews and surveys of law-enforcement gang experts, we link longstanding issues of gang definition and measurement to MS-13 in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area.
Policy Implications
Gang and immigration enforcement are inextricably linked in the case of MS-13. The ambiguous, contested, and varied means by which gangs are defined and labeled may result in the overpolicing and overcriminalization of young immigrants of color and youth of color in general. Beyond unsubstantiated police stops, arrests, convictions, and gang enhancements, such labeling practices may lead to collateral immigration consequences including deportation and permanent bars to reentry into the United States.Peer reviewe
[Review of] Presumed criminal: Black youth and the justice system in postwar New York, by Carl Suddler
No full textThe common law tradition and prescriptive philosophy of parens patriae is an underlying justification for juvenile justice systems in the United States. Under this framework, the sovereign is the “father figure” charged with caring for its subjects, which include accounting for poor, destitute, and otherwise guardian-less children. These paternalistic values are found both within and beyond juvenile justice contexts. Consistent with the early origins of institutional corrections in the United States, these rehabilitative and redemptionist frameworks were created by white people to account for the wayward or deviant souls of other white subjects. In Presumed Criminal – Black Youth and the Justice System in Postwar New York, Carl Suddler (2019) empirically documents how black youth in New York City were never subject to an ethos of care or rehabilitation that ostensibly dominated the foundational purpose of juvenile justice institutions. Instead, “black youths faced a more punitive justice system by the post-war era that restricted their social mobility and categorically branded them as criminal – a stigma they continue to endure” (p. 5). The text contributes to carceral studies by showing how black youth were historically criminalized in Harlem, and how the events in New York City can help us understand unresolved conflicts and contradictions in race, criminalization, and justice policy
Prenatal care advice to see a dentist: results from a population-based study
No full textMeredith L. Vandermeer (Department of Public Health, Oregon State University), Kenneth D. Rosenberg (Office of Family Health, Oregon Department of Human Services), Alfredo P. Sandoval (Oregon Health & Science University).Title from PDF caption (viewed on August 14, 2020).This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Impact of scour on lateral resistance of wind turbine monopiles: An experimental study
No full textThe majority of offshore wind structures are supported on large-diameter, rigid monopile foundations. These piles may be subjected to scour due to the waves and currents that causes a loss of soil support and consequently decreases the pile capacity and system stiffness. The results of numerical models suggest that the shape of the scour hole affects the magnitude of pile capacity loss; however, there is a dearth of experimental test data that quantify this effect. This paper presents a series of centrifuge model tests on an instrumented model pile that investigates the effects of scour-hole geometry on the response of a laterally loaded pile embedded in sand. The pile instrumentation allowed load–displacement and p–y (soil reaction – displacement) curves to be derived. Three scour geometries (global, local wide, and local narrow) and three scour depths (1D, 1.5D, and 2D; where D is pile diameter) were modelled. For all three scour types, pile moment capacity decreased almost linearly with increase of scour depth. Simple empirical relations were proposed to evaluate the detrimental influence of scour on the pile moment capacity. A new method has been developed to allow designers to quantify the effect of scour-hole shape and severity of scour on the pile response.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Geo-engineerin
The community in rural America
No full textIncludes bibliographical references and index.This revised edition of The Community in Rural America, by Kenneth P. Wilkinson presents Wilkinson's ground-breaking work in its original form and contains a new foreword aimed at clarifying several key concepts in interactional theory.--Provided by publisher
Discrete mathematics and its applications / Kenneth H. Rosen.
No full textIncludes bibliographical references (p. B-1 - B-7) and index.xxii, 843, A-15, B-7, S-90, C-1, I-18 pages.
The Prince Edward Island teacher
No full textv. :. ill.; 29 cm; Centennial issue, 1967 - Spring issue, 1968.; Ceased in 1968?; Partial Contents: History of education on P.E.I. by Francis Blanchard--Background to Canada's centennial by Rev. Francis W.P. Bolger--Acadian milestone, the Acadian Teachers' Association of Prince Edward Island by Francis Blanchard--The traditional report card-should it be abolished? by Kenneth A. Parker--Mental health in our schools by Russell Ewing.Source type: Electronic(1
PERFORMANCE: FROM THE CONSUMER VIEWPOINT
No full textThe author develops concept of customer image Profile and presents an example of its use.Consumer/Household Economics,
Working memory training increases general learning abilities in CD-1 outbred mice:
No full textGeneral intelligence is a cognitive trait that is purported to influence most domain-specific learning abilities in humans. Like humans, CD-1 outbred mice express individual differences in their "general" cognitive abilities, such that performance across diverse batteries of learning tasks tend to be positively correlated, and this general learning factor accounts for 32-48% of the variance of individual animals performance in cognitive test batteries. It has been demonstrated that in both humans and mice, the efficacy of working memory capacity correlates highly with measures of general cognitive ability. In three experiments, here we demonstrate that in genetically heterogeneous mice, repetitive working memory training promotes an increase in selective attention and has a commensurately positive effect on the animals' aggregate performance on a battery of five learning tasks. The enhancement of general cognitive performance by working memory exercise was attenuated if the selective attention demands of that exercise were reduced. Finally, because much of the human research conducted on working memory training is done in pre-pubescent children, we trained a group of mice beginning in pre-pubescence and found no difference between that group and one trained at our typical young-adult age. In total, these results provide initial evidence that the efficacy of working memory capacity and selective attention are causally related to an animal’s general cognitive performance, and suggest behavioral strategies to promote those abilities.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-65)by Kenneth Royce Ligh
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