1,721,094 research outputs found
Tacrolimus (FK506) for induction of remission in corticosteroid-refractory ulcerative colitis
Get PDFBackground
There are a limited number of treatment options for people with corticosteroid‐refractory ulcerative colitis. Animal models of inflammatory bowel disease and uncontrolled studies in humans suggest that tacrolimus may be an effective treatment for ulcerative colitis.
Objectives
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus for induction of remission in people with corticosteroid‐refractory ulcerative colitis.
Search methods
We searched the Cochrane Gut group specialised register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Clinicaltrials.gov and WHO ICTRP from inception to October 2021 to identify relevant randomised controlled trials (RCT).
Selection criteria
Two review authors independently selected potentially relevant studies to determine eligibility based on the prespecified criteria.
Data collection and analysis
Two review authors independently extracted data and analysed them using Review Manager Web. The primary outcomes were induction of remission and clinical improvement, as defined by the studies and expressed as a percentage of the participants randomised (intention‐to‐treat analysis).
Main results
This review included five RCTs with 347 participants who had active ulcerative colitis or ulcerative proctitis. The duration of intervention varied between two weeks and eight week
Developing IBD Outcome Effect Size Thresholds to Inform Research, Guidelines, and Clinical Decisions
Get PDFBackgroundWhen designing clinical trials, interpreting trial outcomes for guideline development or sharing decisions with patients in clinical practice, the clinical outcomes used and the implicit choices on what constitutes a clinically significant finding can vary greatly. This can lead to diversity or even inequity in care offered to patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The GRADE approach to guideline development has proposed a process to address this prospectively to solve these issues, but this has never been used inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to develop the first international consensus set of outcome thresholds to establish their use in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.MethodsA Delphi methodology was used to develop a consensus. An online survey was conducted by inviting stakeholders from the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) through a two-phase process. Participants were asked to select important clinically relevant outcomes and were asked about what magnitude of the effect they consider large, moderate, small, or trivial for each clinical trial outcome in line with the GRADE guidance. The results were fedback to all participants to ensure consensus agreement. Then, further surveys were sent to Europe and North America to ensure validity and international triangulation of the data set. Data are presented as mean percentages with standard deviation (SD).Results131 clinical stakeholders participated including clinicians, IBD nurses and a small number of patients with IBD. Clinical remission and serious adverse events were considered the most critical outcomes for Crohn’s disease while clinical remission and endoscopic remission were for ulcerative colitis. The consensus results for thresholds of small, moderate and large outcome effects size were agreed with as follows: clinical remission 11 (SD 6), 20 (8) and 31 (13), endoscopic remission 9 (5), 17 (9) and 28 (14), and serious adverse events 6 (6), 11 (9) and 17 (12) respectively. No significant differences were observed for responses for each condition.ConclusionThis is the first study to develop a consensus on magnitude thresholds for outcomes in IBD. These thresholds have been used in the development of the 2024 BSG guidelines for the management of IBD but can and should also be used by study designers and mostly importantly for clinicians when discussing evidence with patients as part of shared decision making. Future work to validate these findings globally and with other groups, including patients, is neede
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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