1,720,973 research outputs found
Design experimentation for Nature‐based Solutions: Towards a definition and taxonomy
No full textThe role of Design Experimentation has been increasingly recognized in dealing with uncertainties inherent in Nature-based Solutions and designing performative systems.The term Design Experimentation has been widely used in Design Research scholarship. However, there is no agreed common definition and criteria to clarify what it entails in terms of both epistemology and methodology. This paper aims to address the lack of definition, criteria, and methodological approaches for designing, operationalizing, assessing, and learning from Design Experiments for creating climate resilient Nature-based Solutions. Through a Delphi method, a Design Experimentation Taxonomy is developed based on conceptual and empirical understandings of the term. A three-round Delphi survey with 15 experts across 8 countries was undertaken to capture expert knowledge and perceptions of the role of Design Experiments, as well as key criteria and characteristics of Design Experiments. The findings informed the development of a Design Experimentation Taxonomy. Results show that Design Experiments should be purposive, bound to context and solutions-oriented, and have practical relevance while driven by a strong research agenda. They help linking intuitive approaches used in design, to scientific inquiry, which can lead to innovative and performative outcomes. In the quest for evidence-based approaches to integrate nature in our built environments, Design Experiments offer more agency to nature and natural processes in design. The developed taxonomy is the first step in establishing a reflexive, data-driven and performance-based practice, as well as advancing experimental agendas in landscape research and practices related to Nature-based Solutions.SCOPUS: ar.jDecretOANoAutActifinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
Where the rivers run dry: an inquiry into the design of wadis in the Arabian Peninsula
Full text link© 2016 Dr. Sareh MoosaviThis study addressed the challenges of designing wadis (Arabic for dryland rivers) as public open spaces. Wadis are dynamic systems with hydrological regimes shifting between long periods of drought and sudden flash flooding. Over the last decade, city authorities in the arid region of the Arabian Peninsula have focused on reviving wadis as urban public open spaces and have generally commissioned international practitioners for their design. This often leads to wadi systems that have to accommodate both flash floods and public use. While designing such wadis systems can be very challenging for the designers, there are no studies that investigate how they can simultaneously respond to the hydro-ecological dynamics of wadi systems, and create public spaces within the particular socio-cultural context of Arab Muslim societies.
The aim of this thesis was to uncover how international designers engage with ecological and cultural dynamics in designing wadis as public open spaces in the Arabian Peninsula. In this regard, a case study approach was adopted, focusing on three projects: Wadi Adai and Wadi Al Kabir in Muscat, Oman, and Wadi Hanifah in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, which involved designers and engineers from Western countries. These case studies were analysed using a combination of discourse analysis, textual and spatial analysis of design documents, and semi-structured interviews with practitioners and clients. Two main aspects were investigated: the design teams’ responses to water flux and ecological dynamics, and their engagement with culture in designing wadis as new forms of public open space.
Results showed that designing wadis as public spaces requires a cross-disciplinary understanding of their water dynamics, notably the variability and unpredictability of their dry-wet cycles, in order to tackle flood risk issues and preserve their ecological performance. Considering the temporal changes in the wadis regardless of the scale of the project, understanding the systems in their entirety, and designing through testing and experimentation help a better engagement with uncertainty and flux. In cases where access to reliable data is limited for testing design ideas through digital modelling and simulation, in situ prototyping can lead to robust solutions and facilitating change. Overcoming data unavailability can also lead to innovative solutions that would not otherwise be explored by the designers.
This thesis has also revealed methods of working with cultural particularities despite existing challenges such as lack of precedents, limited means of community consultation in the region, as well as dealing with a shifting Arab identity due to social and demographic changes in the Gulf region. The international designers used secondary data, observation of current use of public space and deepening their understanding of Islam and its effect on the locals’ daily life to overcome these limitations. Their approaches in translating cultural knowledge into spatial outcomes were mainly driven by current patterns in the use of existing wadis and other public parks; but also by their aspiration towards challenging the status quo of use of public spaces through providing new outlooks and forms of recreation.
Results from this investigation contribute to building currently scarce knowledge of designing wadis as public open spaces. With global warming changing the climate, the findings of this research are likely to become increasingly relevant in informing global design practices in dry and drying environments
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Embedding Sustainability in Interdisciplinary Pedagogy for Planning and Design Studios
No full textSustainability literacy should be embedded in built environment higher education. We explored the contribution of interdisciplinary studios to students’ sustainability literacy. We ran a studio with Urban Planning and Landscape Architecture students, focused on a coastal brownfield renewal in Victoria, Australia. Studio activities and assessments were designed based on constructivist and experiential learning principles. Students’ learning experiences were evaluated through surveys and focus group interviews, and analyzed against an integrated framework. Results show that simulating real-world situations, game-based and role-playing activities, and applying sustainability principles to a complex site encourage creativity, shared control, and negotiation, which foster experiential sustainability learning.SCOPUS: ar.jDecretOANoAutActifinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
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