1,720,987 research outputs found
Will Millennials remain in the city? Residential mobility in post-industrial, post-modern, post-suburban America
No full textThis chapter investigates whether Millennials will continue to live in dense, urban areas as they progress through the life cycle. One theory is that young adults live in these areas primarily because of their economic constraints and, when they experience socioeconomic mobility, they may want to live in the suburbs and elsewhere. This chapter draws on results from an online survey of almost 600 people aged 18 to 40 in the USA and Canada to provide insight into Millennials’ future location patterns. The authors find that Millennials have higher demand for urban neighbourhoods than previous generations, because more Millennials are spending their young adult years living in urban settings, and living in an urban neighbourhood is a strong predictor of expecting to live in an urban neighbourhood in the future. This trend has implications for planners who are working to achieve smart growth in urban areas
I drive to work, sometimes: Motility capital and mode flexibility among young adult gentrifiers
No full textThis chapter contributes to research exploring young adults’ changing transportation patterns in the context of gentrification and youthification. Of particular interest in this chapter is the phenomenon of multi-modality in commuting behaviour, which the authors call mode flexibility (e.g. driving to work one day, biking the next and taking the bus for the remainder of the week versus using the same mode for all commuting trips), and how differences in mode flexibility (i.e. not being constrained to any one transportation mode for a given trip) may relate to structural inequalities arising from gentrification and the workings of housing markets. The authors examine this issue by conducting a statistical analysis of novel primary data from an online survey of almost 700 people aged 18 to 40 in the USA and Canada. The authors find that multi-modal behaviour is partly an outcome of higher income earners with cars moving into areas where other modes are also easily accessible. Further, non-family households without children are more likely to be flexible in terms of daily mode choice. The authors advise planners and policymakers to acknowledge the constraints to people’s mode flexibility and to ensure that transit models are more equitably distributed in urban areas
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Old Bones: A recent history of urban placemaking in Kitchener, Ontario through media analysis
Full text linkKitchener, Ontario has experienced significant social and physical changes in its downtown in recent decades. Once an industrial hub, the City's urban core declined as suburban migration and deindustrialization gutted its economic and cultural activity. Now, the downtown sees a new light rail transit (LRT) system pass by the old brick industrial buildings where tech companies and new developments thrive. This thesis will offer a historical review as to how this transition occurred through media analysis. Newspaper archives show that this revitalization was the process of negotiating place, identity, and value amongst the City's leaders, its residents, and investors. This process revolved around the successful conservation of cultural heritage sites. Participants considered how to leverage these assets to reclaim the City's identity while also building a liveable space for its future. By exploring the important role played by heritage conservation in the City's downtown revival, readers will see how cultural assets can offer an economic, social, and cultural return on investment
Passing Peak Millennial: Planning for Demographic Change in Mid-sized and Large Metropolitan Areas in Canada and the United States
Full text linkThe Millennial generation has been reshaping cities in the United States and Canada as their Boomer parents did before them. Prior research explored the relationship among the changing size of the young adult cohort, household formation, and progression into home ownership at a national level in the United States (Myers, 2016). Finding that the size of the Millennial cohort reached its apex, or “peak Millennial,” in 2015, Myers’ research suggests that the generational pressure on the housing market from young adults will now begin to decline. In reproducing Myers’ research from original data in the United States and replicating it in Canada, I find similar timing but different patterns in the rise and fall of those peaks. I also find the “peak Millennial” concept misses net immigration and local variation, so I develop a novel “index of generational congestion” that quantifies the flows of cohorts in and out of the housing market in mid-sized and larger metropolitan areas in Canada and the United States. While I find some evidence of increasing congestion from young adults, this varies widely. I further find an increasing rate of seniors leaving some Canadian housing markets that far outpaces new young adults. I conclude with recommendations for how local planners and policymakers can use this new index to understand the generational changes happening in their housing market
Smart City Governance: A comparison of models and COVID-19 related implications within the GTA
Full text linkThe first part of this research asks the question “what is good smart city governance” and analyzes the relevant body of literature on smart cities and smart city governance. Based on the theoretical research, 13 potential characteristics of smart city governance were identified. A comparative case study analysis of two models of smart city-type governance was also conducted to identify practical examples of what can go well and wrong with smart city governance. When it goes well, as illustrated by the City of Mississauga example, the participatory process can be enhanced by digital tools and a holistic governance framework. When it goes wrong, as illustrated by the Sidewalk Labs example, smart cities can be monopolized by corporate interests that push their own governance agendas and fail to consider the local context, exposing citizens to digital vulnerabilities. In 2020, the COVID-19 global pandemic created a public health crisis, which forced governments to connect, communicate and deliver services to their constituents through increasingly digital platforms. Research has shown that the digitalization of cities without social governance frameworks increases the risk of planning governance and decision-making being filtered through "tech goggles" that fail to consider the complex social dynamics of cities. As the pandemic has posed a unique and rapidly evolving challenge to governments at all levels, the second part of this research explores some of the impacts of the pandemic on smart city planning and governance of municipalities in the GTA. Drawing upon a thematic analysis of key informant interviews with municipal staff and topic experts, this study adds new local insights into the smart city status of cities across the GTA. The pandemic became a catalyst for digital transformation and the modernization of government, and it also revealed digital vulnerabilities. According to the research, digitalization will remain a key component of the new normal, although the GTA lacks a regional strategy for smart city governance and local municipal approaches to smart city governance vary across regions. This research suggests that a gap may exist in the governance of smart cities across the province
Town, Gown and Capital: The Student Housing Submarket and the Production of Urban Space
Full text linkStudent housing has emerged as a mainstream global asset class, while the concentration of students in particular neighbourhoods through a process of “studentification” has increasingly been recognized as an important phenomenon in a variety of international contexts. Yet student housing is often associated with vexing planning problems associated with noise disturbances, behavioural issues, and poor property upkeep. Therefore, attention to how the student housing submarket is formed and operates is essential.
This dissertation draws primarily on a case study of the City of Waterloo to investigate the role of a variety of actors including developers, investors, landlords and property managers, planners, institutions, students, and others in creating and shaping the student housing submarket. In doing so, it interrogates how and why student housing has become a favourable investment, the role of the life course therein, and the implications for planning practice. Waterloo is an especially salient case, as it is home to nearly half of Canada’s private purpose-built student accommodations and is an exemplar of the so-called “knowledge economy city.” The analysis combines political-economic and intergenerational approaches. Data are drawn from document analyses of planning reports and real estate industry filings, reports, grey literature, and related materials as well as semi-structured interviews with 44 key informants from the planning and real estate sectors, universities, and student and neighbourhood organizations, and 27 students.
The findings are described in four empirical article-based chapters. The first article demonstrates how planning in Waterloo has not merely responded to changes in the student housing submarket, but since the 1980s has actively anticipated change and as a result has shaped subsequent trajectories of studentification. The second article examines where and why the student housing sector in Canada has garnered the attention of large-scale finance-backed investors, and the strategies these players use in their attempts to extract value from the sector. It also considers the implications of this process for students and cities as it has played out in Waterloo. It concludes that the development of student housing in Canada has been largely driven by the search for new avenues for profitable investment, and therefore studentification can be interpreted as a spatial and sectoral fix within capitalist urbanization. The third article investigates the role of planning, real estate strategies, and neighbourhood politics in shaping studentification at the local scale by producing “generationed” spaces based on a distinct student life course stage. It finds that creating a student neighbourhood in this way facilitates the extraction of rents, and argues for a radical reconfiguration of the politics of studentification based on intergenerationality. The final empirical chapter evaluates Waterloo’s attempts to bring more non-student residents into a near-campus neighbourhood, a process and policy I call “post-studentification.” Despite promise to address some issues, in practice, the strategy may not achieve its intended outcomes or be applicable as a model elsewhere, and may reinforce inequalities along the dimensions of class, age, and gender.
As a whole, the research contributes to understanding student housing as a matter of “town, gown, and capital” by theorizing studentification and its relationship to other urban processes, including capitalist urbanization. It also illustrates the centrality of the life course to these processes. Finally, given the role of planning therein, the dissertation provides practical recommendations for formal planning practice, post-secondary education institutions, and housing advocates for building a more equitable post-studentification city
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