30 research outputs found
Wind Resource Assessment Using Computer Simulation Tool: A Case Study
No full textAbstractWind resource assessment is the key step in windfarm deployment at pre-investment stage. In a wind farm, it is often the case that wind climate data is measured at one place and it is required to estimate wind resource potential at any other point in the vicinity. Also, the wind resource potential depends on the effect of terrain at the wind farm site. In this paper, using computer simulation software, the effect of terrain is considered in assessing wind resource potential at a site. A case study of actual wind farm consisting of 33 wind turbines installed at Tamilnadu, India is simulated using Meteodyn software to assess the wind power potential in-terms of capacity factor
A Multilayer Perceptron approach to track Maximum Power in Wind Power Generation Systems
No full textWind Turbine Output Estimation using Windographer Software
No full textWind Resource assessment is the first step in wind power development at pre-investment stage. In this paper, using Windographer software, the capacity factor of the site is esti- mated by considering different wind turbine models. The input used for estimation are time-series wind speed and technical specifications of wind turbine models. In addition to the capacity factor, wind power density is also estimated and it is found that the site is having enough potential for wind power generation
Does public capital crowd out private capital? : evidence from India
No full textA recent but rapidly growing empirical literature focuses on the relationship between public and private capital. But for the most part, it ignores the heterogeneity of public investment. In many countries, especially in the developing world, public investment includes not only basic infrastructure projects, but also commercial and industrial projects similar to those undertaken by the private sector. And those two types of public investment are likely to have quite different effects on the accumulation of private capital. Using data from India, the author examines this issue empirically by implementing a simple analytical model encompassing two types of public capital. The empirical results show that in the long run capital for public infrastructure projects crowds in private capital - other types of public capital have the opposite effect. But in the short run, both kinds of public investment may crowd out private investment.Decentralization,Economic Theory&Research,International Terrorism&Counterterrorism,Banks&Banking Reform,Capital Markets and Capital Flows,Inequality,Economic Stabilization,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform
Optical characterization, infrared emission and visible up-conversion in Er3+ doped tellurite glasses
No full textFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPIn this work, Er3 + doped tellurite glasses have been prepared with the composition (82.5-x) TeO2 + 4.5Bi2O3 + 11.5ZnO + 1.5Nb2O5 + x Er2O3 (x = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0 mol%) by melt-quenching method and their physical, spectroscopic properties were investigated. The experimental oscillator strengths (fexp) of individual absorption peaks are used to estimate the Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters (Ωλ, λ = 2, 4, 6). Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters are used to calculate the spontaneous transition probabilities, radiative lifetimes and branching ratios for certain excited states of Er3 + ions. NIR emission and visible up-conversion luminescence were observed at room temperature for all glasses by exciting with 980 nm laser radiation. The emission characteristics such as peak stimulated emission cross section, FWHM, figure of merit, optical gain cross sections and measured lifetimes have been obtained for the observed Er3 +: 4I13/2 → 4I15/2 transition in the above glass composition for all the concentrations and are compared with that of the reported. Finally, NIR to visible energy conversion has been analyzed for all glasses excited at 980 nm and suitable mechanism was proposed. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.In this work, Er3 + doped tellurite glasses have been prepared with the composition (82.5-x) TeO2 + 4.5Bi2O3 + 11.5ZnO + 1.5Nb2O5 + x Er2O3 (x = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0 mol%) by melt-quenching method and their physical, spectroscopic properties were investigated. The experimental oscillator strengths (fexp) of individual absorption peaks are used to estimate the Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters (Ωλ, λ = 2, 4, 6). Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters are used to calculate the spontaneous transition probabilities, radiative lifetimes and branching ratios for certain excited states of Er3 + ions. NIR emission and visible up-conversion luminescence were observed at room temperature for all glasses by exciting with 980 nm laser radiation. The emission characteristics such as peak stimulated emission cross section, FWHM, figure of merit, optical gain cross sections and measured lifetimes have been obtained for the observed Er3 +: 4I13/2 → 4I15/2 transition in the above glass composition for all the concentrations and are compared with that of the reported. Finally, NIR to visible energy conversion has been analyzed for all glasses excited at 980 nm and suitable mechanism was proposed.402141148FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP12/50480-6Rakov, N., Ramos, F.E., Hirata, G., Xiao, M., (2003) Appl. Phys. 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Lett., 16, p. 258Philips, J.F., Opfer, T.T., Ebendorff-Heidpriem, H., Ehrt, D., Sauerbrey, R., (2001) Appl. Phys. B, 72, p. 399Binnemans, K., Gorller-Walrand, C., (1998) J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 10, p. 167Shen, S., Naftaly, M., Jha, A., (2002) Opt. Commun., 205, p. 101This work is financially supported by FAPESP, grant # 12/50480-6. The author would like to thank the Group of ultrafast phenomena and Optical Communications (GFURCO) and the Laboratory of Advanced Optical Spectroscopy (LMEOA/IQ-UNICAMP/FAPESP grant # 2009/54066-7) for providing lab facilities
Sustainable nano-added biofuel production from borassus flabellifer oil for conventional internal combustion engines
No full textThe source of biodiesel production is significant as the demand for diesel is very high. Sustainable fuel development is the prime aim of meeting the demand. Drought-tolerant trees are widely available and can cultivate more to increase the feedstock capacity. Hence, this experimental research investigates the potential for deriving an alternative fuel from borassus flabellifer. Accordingly, this research employed biodiesel production from borassus flabellifer oil through the transesterification technique with methanol at 65 degrees C of temperature for 3 h with 300 rpm of magnetic stirrer speed. The blends by volume of 20% biodiesel of borassus flabellifer (20BOPP) and 80% of diesel (80D) were used to create the Biodiesel of borassus flabellifer blend (20BOPP+80D). Then it is enhanced by mixing 100 ppm of aluminium oxide nanoparticles (AONP) in that fuel to produce the nano-fuel of 20BOPP+80D + AONP. The base fuel (20BOPP) is enhanced by preparing a new blend of 20% ethanol (20 E) and 60% diesel added with 20BOPP to produce 20BOPP+20E+60D and then the new class of fuel enhanced by AONP to produce 20BOPP+20E+60D + AONP. The nano-fuel was prepared with the help of an ultrasonicator. The prepared blends and conventional diesel fuel were tested at varying engine loads, and the results revealed that the enhanced nonfuel of 20BOPP+20E+60D + AONP produced equivalent brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of 31.94% like diesel fuel, reducing the emission nitrogen oxides (NOx) by 29.2% and emission of Carbon Monoxide (CO) emission by 11.4% to pure diesel fuel. The enhanced nano-fuel of 20BOPP+20E+60D + AONP reduced smoke opacity by 35.3% more than pure diesel. Hence the mixing of both alcohol and nanoparticles in the biodiesel blend produces better results at maximum load conditions than their performance mixing individually in the biodiesel blend due to the alcohol's higher volatility and nanoparticles catalytic reaction during combustion in the Direct-Injection Compression Ignition (DICI) engine due to the alcohol's higher volatility and nanoparticles catalytic reaction during combustion stage
Effect of ZnO on spectroscopic properties of Sm3+ doped zinc phosphate glasses
No full textCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOSpectroscopic properties of Sm3+ containing zinc oxide based phosphate glasses in the chemical composition (50 - x)P2O5 + 20Na2HPO4 + 9AlF3 + xZnO + 1Sm2O3 (where x = 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25) have been studied. Raman, optical absorption, emission spectra and luminescence decay profiles were recorded and systematically analyzed. Using Judd-Ofelt theory, Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters Ωλ (λ = 2, 4 and 6), spontaneous radiative transition probabilities (Arad), radiative lifetimes (τR), branching ratios (β) were calculated and discussed. With 400 nmwavelength excitation, the emission spectra and decay lifetime of 4G52 level of Sm3+ doped zinc-phosphate glasses were studied. The branching ratios and emission cross-sections for the transition, 4G5/2→6H7/2 are found to be higher for x = 25 mol% of zinc-phosphate glass matrix. The observed decay profiles were found to be exhibiting non-exponential behavior for all zinc-phosphate glasses, due to non-radiative energy transfer among the excited Sm3+ ions.Spectroscopic properties of Sm3+ containing zinc oxide based phosphate glasses in the chemical composition (50−x)P2O5+20Na2HPO4+9AlF3+xZnO+1Sm2O3 (where x=5, 10, 15, 20 and 25) have been studied. Raman, optical absorption, emission spectra and luminescence decay profiles were recorded and systematically analyzed. Using Judd–Ofelt theory, Judd–Ofelt intensity parameters Ωλ (λ=2, 4 and 6), spontaneous radiative transition probabilities (Arad), radiative lifetimes (τR), branching ratios (β) were calculated and discussed. With 400 nm wavelength excitation, the emission spectra and decay lifetime of 4G52 level of Sm3+ doped zinc-phosphate glasses were studied. The branching ratios and emission cross-sections for the transition, 4G5/2→6H7/2 are found to be higher for x=25 mol% of zinc-phosphate glass matrix. The observed decay profiles were found to be exhibiting non-exponential behavior for all zinc-phosphate glasses, due to non-radiative energy transfer among the excited Sm3+ ions.4597987CNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO190077/2013-1Jha, A., Richards, B., Jose, G., Teddy-Fernandez, T., Joshi, P., Jiang, X., Lousteau, J., (2012) Prog. Mater. Sci., 57, p. 1426Stoneman, R.C., Esterowitz, L., (1990) Opt. Lett., 15, p. 486Jackson, S.D., (2012) Nat. Photon., 6, p. 423Wang, P., Wang, Y.P., Tong, L.M., (2013) Light Sci. Appl., 2, p. e102Harbuzaru, B.V., Corma, A., Rey, F., Jordá, J.L., Ananias, D., Carlos, L.D., (2009) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 48, p. 6476Forster, Th., (1948) Ann. Phys., 2, p. 55Paulose, P.I., Jose, G., Thomas, V., Unnikrishnan, N.V., Warrier, M.K.R.J., (2003) Phys. Chem. Solids, 64, p. 841Joshi, B.C., Lohani, R., Pande, B., (2001) Indian J. Pure Appl. 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Acta A, 60, p. 637Jamalaiah, B.C., Suresh Kumar, J., Mohan Babu, A., Suhasini, T., Rama Moorthy, L., (2009) J. Lumin, 129, p. 363The author Y.C. Rathnakaram would like to thank the University Grants Commission (UGC) (No. F.40-443/2011(SR)), Delhi for financial support and M. Radha is greatful to TWAS-CNPq (No. 190077/2013-1)
Optimizing the Formulation and Lyophilization Process for a Fragment Antigen Binding (Fab) Protein Using Solid-State Hydrogen–Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry (ssHDX-MS)
No full textSolid-state hydrogen–deuterium
exchange with mass spectrometry
(ssHDX-MS) was evaluated as an analytical method to rapidly screen
and select an optimal lyophilized fragment antigen binding protein
(Fab) formulation and the optimal lyophilization cycle. ssHDX-MS in
lyophilized Fab formulations, varying in stabilizer type and stabilizer/protein
ratio, was conducted under controlled humidity and temperature. The
extent of deuterium incorporation was measured using mass spectrometry
and correlated with solid-state stress degradation at 50 °C as
measured by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and ion-exchange chromatography
(IEC). ssHDX-MS was also used to evaluate the impact of three different
types of lyophilization processing on storage stability: controlled
ice nucleation (CN), uncontrolled ice nucleation (UCN), and annealing
(AN). The extent of deuterium incorporation for different Fab formulations
agreed with the order of solid-state stress degradation, with formulations
having lower deuterium incorporation showing lower stress-induced
degradation (aggregation and charge modifications). For lyophilization
processing, no significant effect of ice nucleation was observed in
either solid-state stress degradation or in the extent of deuterium
incorporation for high concentration Fab formulations (25 mg/mL).
In contrast, for low concentration Fab formulations (2.5 mg/mL), solid-state
stability from different lyophilization processes correlated with
the extent of deuterium incorporation. The order of solid-state degradation
(AN < CN < UCN) was the same as the extent of deuterium incorporation
on ssHDX-MS (AN < CN < UCN). The extent of deuterium incorporation
on ssHDX-MS correlated well with the solid-state stress degradation
for different Fab formulations and lyophilization processing methods.
Thus, ssHDX-MS can be used to rapidly screen and optimize the formulation
and lyophilization process for a lyophilized Fab, reducing the need
for time-consuming stress degradation studies
Corrigendum to “Life expectancy gains from dietary modifications: a comparative modeling study in 7 countries” [Am J Clin Nutr 120 (2024) 170–177, (10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.04.028)]
No full text\ua9 2024 The Author(s)The authors regret that there was a small error in Table 1 of our published paper. Under the right-most column in Table 1 on "Optimized vegan", it was written “50” under “White meat” (for the amount in grams per day). This number should be corrected to “0” and the calculations we did had not included any meat for the optimized vegan diet in line with the text in the manuscript. Thus, Table 1 should read 0 gram of white meat for "Optimized vegan". The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused
