1,721,005 research outputs found
A review of the international trade in amphibians:the types, levels and dynamics of trade in CITES-listed species
Get PDFGlobally, amphibians face many potential threats,
including international trade. However, there is a lack of
knowledge regarding the types, levels and dynamics of the
amphibian trade at the global scale. This study reviewed
the trade in CITES-listed species between 1976 and 2007.
Four main trade groups (eggs, skins, meat and individuals)
were identified. Trade in amphibian leather focused on
Hoplobatrachus tigerinus (5,572 individuals), whereas trade
in eggs focused on Ambystoma mexicanum (6,027 eggs).
However, for the entire study period (1976–2007), trade in
skins and eggs was small compared with trade in meat
and live animals. The meat trade was estimated to be worth
.USD 111 million, whereas the trade in live animals was
estimated to be worth .USD 11.5 million in only three of
the genera involved. Trade dynamics have changed as a
result of changes in legislation, such as a ban on H. tigerinus
exports from Bangladesh for meat. Within the live trade
22 species categorized as either Critically Endangered or
Endangered were traded during the study period, and these
require greater attention. International trade and potential
conservation benefits are affected by countries supplying
captive-bred individuals to their domestic markets as this
trade goes unrecorded. However, this study only investigated
trade in species listed by CITES, and other species may
comprise a significant additional component of international
trade. The trade in amphibians is dynamic, and
changes in both the types of trade and the species concerned
were identified over the study period. Conservation concerns
have multiplied from issues concerning population
depletions to include indirect impacts associated with
disease, predation and competition, which requires a
reappraisal of data capture and reporting
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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Son narrative and Orquesta anacaona
Get PDFtextAs female performers of son, the members of Orquesta Anacaona are in dialogue with gendered discourses about the masculinity of son and with feminist discourses about music as a space of resistance to masculine domination simply by existing. Son performance and son scholarship are a “paradoxical space” for the members of Anacaona: their performance of “masculine” music on “masculine” instruments was an act of transgression, while some responses to the group (scholarly and otherwise) reinforce patriarchal structures that devalue women. I examine references to race and gender in Cuban music through son and through portrayals of the mulata in popular theater, both of which are relevant to identities claimed and enacted by Orquesta Anacaona. Using Orquesta Anacaona as a case study, I point out the ways in which narratives of music in Cuba have subordinated women, especially women of color, as well as ways in which Cuban women have resisted oppression through musical performance. In light of the constant presence of women in Cuban music, as well as inconsistently complete scholarship on gender and sexuality in Cuban music, I conclude that a great deal of work can be done on gender in Cuban music and that future scholarship should continue to push toward a third-wave feminist perspective.Musi
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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Taking the lid off the Black Rio movement and música soul : the shifting terms of race and citizenship in Rio de Janeiro
Get PDFtextIn this project, I situate the Black Rio movement and Brazilian música soul within a history of representations of black Brazilian masculinities in music. I do so in order to trace changing conceptualizations of race and citizenship in 1970s Rio de Janeiro. I seek to move beyond the existing literature which judges the Black Rio movement on its political expediency while ignoring its historico-cultural context. That is, prior works tend to pit black soul musicians and dancers against the mostly-white, middle-class intellectuals who have historically made determinations about black Brazilians, and in doing so these works have judged the Black Rio movement a political failure. Instead, I focus on the agency asserted by black Brazilian musicians and dancers in representing themselves and in creating alternative places for the enactment of their identities in opposition to the normative expectations of Blackness and standards of masculinity. Beginning in the 1920s and the 1930s, expectations for black masculine behavior were tied to restrictive, demeaning representations of the malandro in samba music and of afrobrasilidade in Carnaval celebrations. These representations were influenced by changing attitudes towards race in the context of national consolidation and the propagation of the myth of racial democracy, which recognized racial difference while not recognizing extant racial inequality. Entrenched modes of thinking and normative modes of being were adamantly challenged by soul musicians and dancers in the 1970s. Through the adoption of U.S. funk and soul music and strong masculine imagery associated with the Black Power movement, black Brazilians appropriated and resignified international symbols in order to forge a new black identity. In doing so, soul musicians and dancers carved alternative spaces for themselves, and renegotiated the terms of their inclusion in the Brazilian nation. This paper considers the shifting place of Blackness in Brazil through an analysis of visual, aural and lyrical representations of Blackness in music and in the critical reception of that music. I argue that funk and soul music played a key role in destabilizing the restrictive notion of afrobrasilidade held by mainstream Brazilian society, enabling new ways of being both black and Brazilian.Musi
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