1,721,029 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The Relationship between Equivalent Fall Height and Ground Reaction Force in Freestyle Ski Jumping
No full textThis study investigated the relationship between Equivalent Fall Height (EFH) and peak Ground Reaction Force (GRF) in freestyle ski jumping. An experiment was conducted in which a semi-professional freestyle skier was instrumented with Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) and a position sensor. The skier performed jumps off ‘kickers’ in snow parks in four different ski resorts in Northern Italy. The gathered sensor data was utilized to calculate the EFH and GRF of every jump. The data reveals convincing evidence that a positive correlation between these two parameters exists. However, the coefficient of determination, R2, indicates only a moderate correlation. The results suggest that alternating landing strategies might have affected the measured GRF as well. This indicates that a higher correlation between EFH and GRF might exist than shown in this research. Further research should focus on how individual parameters, such as EFH and landing strategy, affect the GRF. This should develop a more comprehensive understanding of how to enhance the safety and enjoyment of freestyle ski jumps for a broader audience.Mechanical Engineerin
A Tilting Trike with Rider Tuneable Stability and Handling for lmproved Safety
No full textThe potential advantages of tilting trikes have been tantalizing for years: they can lean like a bike so that they do not have to be low, wide, or slow in turns; and they can keep the rider upright like a trike when stopped or going slow. Implementing this functionality, however, has been somewhat problematic. Many tilting trikes have been built in which the extra wheel only offers some redundant traction, in the case of inconsistent friction with the road surface. Some have been built with a so-called ''tilt-lock', in which the third wheel can also act as a kickstand to hold the trike rigid when stopped. A few tilting trikes have been built with sophisticated sensors, actuators, and control algorithms to assume the proper tilt angle in every situation, and the motorcycle press breathlessly announces the latest patent filings in this area from major motorcycle manufacturers.Biomechatronics & Human-Machine Contro
The effects of a steer assist system on bicycle postural control in real-life safety challenges
No full textWith aging, the sensory, motor, and central nervous system deficiencies lead to inadequate bicycle postural control in older cyclists. Similarly, variety in riding skills leads to different bicycle postural control strategies. Cycling seems to be an automated task but keeping the bicycle stable at low speed, pedaling, and steering requires continuous physical and cognitive effort, and in long term may lead to fatigue induced by steering and stabilizing the e-bike at low forward speeds especially in older cyclists. E-bikes enables riders to cycle for langer duration and distance by reducing the physical fatigue. There is an increasing societal interest in electric bicycles where in 2021, 26. 73 billion US dollars worldwide have been invested on e-bikes and by 2027 this global market size will increase to 53.53 billion US dollars (Statista). However, with increased numbers of e-bikes, bicycle accidents due to inadequate steering and balance control by older cyclists have increased, which suggests needs for extra safety measures to maintain balance on a bicycle for challenging situation such as facing undesired disturbances or low forward speeds. We developed a prototype steering assist which aims to increase safety and improve the user experience, by reducing the steering effort and enhancing the bicycle postural control (rider-bike balance control). We investigated the potential effectiveness ofthe steering assist technology in real life challenging situations. Our present study should be considered exploratory research to find the potential effectiveness of the steering assist technology in improving the user experience and safety compared to a non-assistive e-bike. The improved bicycle postural control is validated by smaller range, variability, and rate of steering and roll trajectories when the rider is subjected to an unwanted disturbance. Improved bicycle postural control is expected based on the reduced need for compensatory behavior in the presence of assistive technology. Decreased steering effort is expected due to reduced demand for acute steering control in the anticipatory control strategy.Biomechatronics & Human-Machine Contro
Measuring the Mechanical Properties of Bicycle Tyres to Help Predict and Minimize Wobble for Enhanced Safety
No full textWobble, also known as speed wobble or shimmy, and the hazard it can cause to cyclists, is a well-known behavior of some bicycles. lt is a relatively high-frequency oscillation, 4-10 Hz. of the front fork and wheel assembly about the steering axis, and it can result in loss of control if left unaddressed. The importance of tyre mechanical properties, specifically conering stiffness, to the wobble motion of bicycles has been shown. Some tyres can make a bicycle more likely to wobble, while others can make the same bicycle less likely to wobble. There are only a few facilities in the world, however, capable of measuring these properties of bicycle tyres, and facilities for testing motorcycle and automobile tyres are not designed to work with bicycle wheels and/or are prohibitively expensive to use. We introduce and characterize an inexpensive, table-top device for measuring the necessary mechanical properties of bicycle tyres.Biomechatronics & Human-Machine Contro
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