1,721,286 research outputs found
Young and old in Roman Britain: aspects of age identity and life-course transitions in regional burial practice
No full textAge is an intrinsic aspect of identity and, by extension, is inherent in social organisation. This thesis utilises a life course methodology to examine aspects of age identity in Roman Britain, as expressed in the burial evidence from contexts in the east and west of central southern Britain during the 1st-early 5th centuries CE. It seeks to establish a life course framework in order to identify the key age stages of the gendered life course. Within this framework, the impact of regionalism on the expression of age is explored, with particular reference to urban and rural differentiation in age and gender identity. Finally, this thesis considers how being young and old was represented in burial, identifying the key age characteristics and exploring age concepts relating to these social sub-groups.The results show a defined Romano-British life course focussed upon the young adult. The life course trajectory was gender-specific, with female age identity circumscribed by fertility whilst male age stages were influenced by external socioeconomic factors. How age was represented in burial reflected regional concepts of identity, particularly within the burial of the young and the old. Furthermore, within the regional patterns of the life course, a defined urban/rural divide is visible in how age was expressed, indicating the divergent impact of urban and rural life ways. In regard to the young, this thesis establishes the trajectory of the sub-adult life course, and identified that the age characteristics visible in burial encompassed aspects of physical and social development. This thesis also establishes the visibility of the elderly within the burial record, identifying an unexplored social sub-group, the study of which will further understanding of age identity in Roman provincial contexts
The gut feelings of medical culture
No full textThis is the first book to consider digestive health in the nineteenth century from the combined angles of politics, literature, art, ethnography, psychiatry, emotional health, intellectual processes, morality, and spirituality. The chapters address the meanings and significance of digestive health in modern France, Northern America, Germanic Europe, Italy, colonial Australia and Britain. By revealing the particular nineteenth-century focus on digestive function and its influence on both emotion and cognition, the volume makes a new contribution not only to the history of literature, science and medicine, but also to current debates about the relationship between the gut and the brain. Here we help to show how medical breakthroughs are often historically preceded by intuitive models imagined throughout cultural production of different kinds
The erotic republic : dynamic exchanges between politics and sexology in the French Third Republic
No full textLa Gueuse (the whore), in right-wing propaganda descriptions of the Third Republic, was not merely a symbol or sign standing for some otherwise unrelated object, rather 'she' was deemed to contain that object's attributes, standing for it because of a similitude of contentimpoverished, decadent, debased, defiled. She was an evocative imaginary medium. This chapter explores the way in which such metaphoric representations of sexuality and gender, in relation to political ideology, operated throughout the period from the end of the nineteenth century until the outbreak of the Second World War. Such evocations worked not merely in symbolic and iconographic terms, but as interreferential,
dynamic, and hyperbolic colligative mechanisms that both imbued ideological aspirations with erotic charge, and problematized modern women's place in the nation
Historicizing sexual symbols
No full textThere is little doubt that gender and sexual imagery have played a uniquely symbolic role in the modern French history of politics, religious struggle, and nationalism. That role was at no time more obvious than it is at the beginning of the twenty-first century. In the belief that certain types of religiously symbolic corporeal attire conflict with the republican secular values of France as a nation, the French state has now introduced new laws that most conspicuously intervene in the personal grooming of Islamic French female citizens who wear headscarves for religious reasons. 1 Heads, it might be argued, have often been the focus of profound symbolic signification in French national politics
Situating the anal Freud in nineteenth-century imaginaries of excrement and colonial primitivity
No full textOther chapters in this volume have shown that ideas about the gut flourished in multiple genres across continental Europe, Britain and the USA in the nineteenth century. But no thinker developed as much meaning in relation to the lower gut as the Viennese founder of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud. The anal/excrement Freud can only be historically appreciated both by excavating his uptake of biological and ethnographic thought and by resituating him in the broad continental European fin-de-siecle milieu in which excrement had become the subject of an emergent field of new meanings. This was a field in which ideas about social progress, colonial power and class propriety were seen as given by a particular relationship of modern subjects to the lower gut. In this chapter, Freud's anal ideas are considered both in relation to ethnographic and biological texts that directly influenced his thought and in relation to cultural discourses and social pressures likely to have been at least partially responsible for his unusual theories of the role of the anus and excrement in both social evolution and individual psychic development
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Gut Feeling and Digestive Health in Nineteenth-Century Literature, History and Culture
No full textThis book considers the historical and cultural origins of the gut-brain relationship now evidenced in numerous scientific research fields. Bringing together eleven scholars with wide interdisciplinary expertise, the volume examines literal and metaphorical digestion in different spheres of nineteenth-century life. Digestive health is examined in three sections in relation to science, politics and literature during the period, focusing on Northern America, Europe and Australia. Using diverse methodologies, the essays demonstrate that the long nineteenth century was an important moment in the Western understanding and perception of the gastroenterological system and its relation to the mind in the sense of cognition, mental wellbeing, and the emotions. This collection explores how medical breakthroughs are often historically preceded by intuitive models imagined throughout a range of cultural productions
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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