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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Altersabhängige Veränderungen im Antioxidanzienstatus von Teilnehmern der GISELA-Studie unter Berücksichtigung ausgewählter Einflussfaktoren : Eine Untersuchung im Rahmen der Gießener Senioren Langzeitstudie (GISELA)
Get PDFDie vorliegende Arbeit wurde im Rahmen der Gießener Senioren Langzeitstudie(GISELA) durchgeführt. Bei der GISELA-Studie handelt es sich um eine prospektive Kohortenstudie, in der seit 1994 in ein- bzw. zweijährigenAbständen der Ernährungs- und Gesundheitsstatus von Gießener Seniorenbeobachtet wird. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde untersucht, inwieweit sichdie nicht-enzymatischen (Vitamin C, beta-Carotin, Vitamin E und Selen) undenzymatischen (GPx, KAT und SOD) Antioxidanzien mit zunehmendem Alterverändern. Weiterhin wurden in dieser Arbeit bestimmte Einflussfaktoren aufden Antioxidanzienstatus wie Geschlecht, BMI, Einnahme von Vitamin- undMineralstoffpräparate, Antioxidanzien-Zufuhr und Cholesterinspiegel im Blutuntersucht.Für die Untersuchung des nicht-enzymatischen Antioxidanzienstatus der Seniorenwurden die Langzeit-Daten aus den Jahren 1994 bis 2008 herangezogen. Insgesamtsetzte sich das Untersuchungskollektiv aus 272 Frauen und 118 Männern imAlter von 60-79 Jahren (bei Studieneintritt) zusammen. Für die Untersuchungder enzymatischen Antioxidanzien wurden die Erhebungsjahre 1996-2008 verwendet.Hierfür setzte sich das Untersuchungskollektiv aus 235 Frauen und 100Männern (Alter bei Studieneintritt: 60-79 Jahre) zusammen. Die durchschnittlicheBeobachtungszeit für die nicht-enzymatischen Antioxidanzien betrug 11 Jahre unddie der enzymatischen Antioxidanzien 10 Jahre.In dem linear gemischten Regressionsmodell konnte ein Alterseffekt auf denPlasmaspiegel von beta-Carotin (nur bei den Frauen), Vitamin E und Selen sowieVitamin E/Cholesterin-Quotient beobachtet werden. Bei den Frauen sanken diePlasmaspiegel von beta-Carotin und Selen mit zunehmendem Alter, während derVitamin E-Plasmaspiegel und Vitamin E/Cholesterin-Quotient stiegen. UnterBerücksichtigung der Einflussfaktoren BMI, Antioxidanzien-Zufuhr und Supplementation zeigte sich aber keine Veränderung des beta-Carotins mehr. Bei den Männern sanken mit zunehmendem Alter die Plasmakonzentrationen von VitaminE und Selen, während der Vitamin E/Cholesterin-Quotient stieg. UnterBerücksichtigung ausgewählter Einflussfaktoren änderten sich die Vitamin E- undSelen-Plasmaspiegel jedoch nicht mehr.In der Regressionsanalyse mit Hilfe des linear gemischten Modells konnteein signifikanter Alterseffekt auf den enzymatischen Antioxidanzienstatusfestgestellt werden. Während des Alterns stiegen die Aktivitäten von GPx undSOD bei beiden Geschlechtern sowie der KAT-Aktivität bei den Frauen. UnterBerücksichtigung der Einflussfaktoren BMI, Gesamtcholesterin im Blut und Supplementation zeigte sich dazu auch eine Erhöhung der KAT-Aktivität bei denMännern.Des Weiteren wurden Gender-Effekte auf den Antioxidanzienstatus mit Hilfedes linear gemischten Modells überprüft. Die Frauen wiesen signifikant höherePlasmakonzentrationen von Vitamin C, beta-Carotin und Vitamin E sowie SODAktivität in den Erythrozyten im Vergleich zu den Männern auf. Der VitaminE/Cholesterin-Quotient und Selen-Plasmaspiegel sowie die Aktivitäten von GPxund KAT unterscheiden sich dagegen nicht signifikant zwischen den Frauen undden Männern.Abschließend wurde noch der Einfluss des BMI, der Antioxidanzien-Zufuhr, derEinnahme von Vitamin- oder Mineralstoffpräparaten und des Cholesterinspiegelsim Blut auf die altersabhängigen Veränderungen des Antioxidanzienstatus getrenntnach Geschlecht überprüft.Bei Betrachtung des Zusammenhangs zwischen BMI und nicht-enzymatischenAntioxidanzien zeigte sich, dass der BMI einen signifikant negativen Einfluss auf das Plasma Vitamin C (bei den Frauen) und beta-Carotin (bei beiden Geschlechtern) hat. Bei der Analyse des Einflusses des BMI auf die enzymatischen Antioxidanzien kam es jedoch zu keinen eindeutigen Ergebnissen. Bei den Seniorinnen hat der BMI zwar einen positiven Einfluss auf die Aktivitäten von GPx und KAT, ist aber statistisch grenzwertig. Zudem hat der BMI bei den Senioren die GPx-Aktivität positiv und die KAT-Aktivität negativ beeinflusst.Während die Zufuhr von antioxidativen Nährstoffen aus Lebensmitteln keinenEinfluss auf die Antioxidanzien-Plasmaspiegel aufweist, haben regelmäßige odergelegentliche Supplementierung von antioxidativen Vitaminen (bei beidenGeschlechtern) und Selen (nur bei den Frauen) jedoch einen signifikant positivenEinfluss auf deren Plasmaspiegel. In Bezug auf die enzymatischen Antioxidanzienzeigte sich, dass die Zink-Supplementation die SOD-Aktivität bei den Frauenbzw. die Selen-Supplementation die GPx-Aktivität bei den Männern positivbeeinflusst.In dieser Untersuchung zeigte sich eine signifikant negative Beziehung zwischendem Gesamtcholesterinspiegel im Blut und den Aktivitäten von GPx (nur bei denFrauen) und KAT (bei beiden Geschlechtern), während das Gesamtcholesterin imBlut keinen Einfluss auf die SOD-Aktivität hat.Zusammenfassend lässt sich anhand der vorliegenden Ergebnisse festhalten, dasssich der Antioxidanzienstatus mit zunehmendem Alter teilweise ändert. Zudemkönnen Geschlecht, BMI, Gesamtcholesterin im Blut und Supplementation alsPrädiktoren des Antioxidanzienstatus festgestellt werden.The present investigation is part of a longitudinal study on nutrition and health status in a free-living elderly population in Giessen, Germany (GISELA). The GISELA study is a prospective cohort study in which the nutritional and health status of elderly citizens in Giessen have been observed at annual intervals since 1994 and at biannual intervals since 1998. Within the GISELA study, age-related alterations of vitamin C, beta-carotene, vitamin E and selenium status and antioxidant enzyme activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were analyzed as well as their influencing factors gender, body mass index (BMI), supplement use, dietary intake of antioxidant nutrients and total serum cholesterol.The objective of the investigation of antioxidant vitamin and selenium status (272 women and 118 men with an initial age of 60-79 years) as well as of antioxidant enzyme activities (235 women and 100 men with an initial age of 60-79 years) was as follows: data of the GISELA study collected over a period of 14 years (1994 to 2008) and of 12 years (1996 to 2008) for antioxidant status and antioxidant enzyme activities, respectively, were analyzed for age trends and influencing factors.In women, a significant decrease in plasma concentrations of beta-carotene andselenium and a significant rise in plasma vitamin E and vitamin E/cholesterolratio were shown with increasing age as results of the linear mixed models.In men, a significant decrease in plasma levels of vitamin E and selenium wasobserved, whereas the ratio of vitamin E to cholesterol increased significantly.Plasma selenium levels in men diminished with aging. After inclusion of BMI,supplement use, dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins as possible influencingfactors in the analysis, no age effect on beta-carotene in women as well as on vitamin E and selenium in men was shown.In this long-term investigation age-dependent alterations in the activities oferythrocyte antioxidant enzymes were detected. The enzyme activities of GPx,CAT (only in women) and SOD raised significantly with aging. After considerationof BMI, supplement use and total serum cholesterol as possible influencing factors an age-related increase of CAT activity was observed in men.With regard to vitamin C, beta-carotene and vitamin E women had significantly higher plasma levels than men. After adjustment for total serum cholesterol a gender effect for vitamin E was no longer observed. Concerning selenium levels in plasma, no significant gender differences were detected. Women had a significantly higher SOD activity than men. However, there was no significant difference in GPx and CAT activities between both sexes.In a further analysis, BMI was significantly negatively correlated with vitamin C (in women) and beta-carotene. In addition, a weak positive relationship between BMI and GPx activity (in both sexes) and CAT (in women) was detected. In men, CAT activity was negatively related to BMI.In this study, vitamin C, beta-carotene, vitamin E or selenium supplement usershad significantly higher plasma levels than non-users. At the same time, nosignificant association between dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins and theirplasma concentrations was observed. Intake of selenium was not investigated inthis study. Therefore, a possible relationship between intake of meat which is amain dietary source of selenium and the plasma selenium level was analyzed.However, no significant association was found.In addition, the association between antioxidant enzyme activities andsupplementation of nutrients of these co-factors were investigated. Results showed that selenium supplementation positively affected GPx activity in men and zinc supplementation positively influenced SOD activity in women. Moreover, total serum cholesterol levels were inversely associated with GPx activity in women and CAT activity in both sexes. However, there was no association between SOD activity and total serum cholesterol levels.In conclusion, the results of the present study showed age-related changes in the blood levels of antioxidants. Furthermore, gender, BMI, total serum cholesterol and supplementation were found to be predictors of antioxidant status
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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