1,720,955 research outputs found
High prevalence of toxin producing enteropathogenic Vibrios among estuarine crab in Ganges delta of West Bengal, India.
Get PDFChitin influences the survival of Vibrio spp. in aquatic environment by providing an abundant source of carbon, nitrogen and protection from environmental challenges ( Kirn et al., 2005). Huq et al. (1986) have demonstrated a possible ecological correlation between crustaceans and Vibrio abundance. However, active role of such common edible seafood viz. crabs etc. of aquatic habitat (freshwater/estuarine/marine) as prospective “reservoir” (because of being proven niche of Vibrio cholerae in such environment, Blokesch and Schoolnik, 2007) in cholera and non-cholera diarrhoeal transmission and their possible implications among coastal population of deltaic West Bengal remains unexplored. A few earlier studies have demonstrated the attachment capacity of V. cholerae with chitinous substrate ( Kaneko and Colwell, 1975 and Tarsi and Pruzzo, 1999). This raise queries regarding the extent to which chitin acts in toxicity acquisition under natural environmental condition either being attached with a host specific chitinous substrate or in a free floating condition.Fil: Batabyal, Prasenjit. National Institute For Cholera And Enteric Diseases; IndiaFil: Mookerjee, Subham. National Institute For Cholera And Enteric Diseases; IndiaFil: Einsporn, Marc H.. Leibniz Centre For Tropical Marine Ecology; AlemaniaFil: Lara, Ruben Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (i); Argentina. Leibniz Center for Marine Tropical Ecology; AlemaniaFil: Palit, Anup. National Institute For Cholera And Enteric Diseases; Indi
Influence of hydrologic and anthropogenic factors on the abundance variability of enteropathogens in the Ganges estuary, a cholera endemic region
Get PDFThis study deals with the influence of water physico-chemical properties, tides, rainfall and fecal pollution on the abundance of enteropathogens in a main distributary of the Ganges, in the endemic cholera belt of West Bengal. Between January and June 2011, water and sediments were sampled from two sites of the Hooghly River by Kolkata and Diamond Harbour. Counts of cultivable Vibrio (CVC, from ~ 102 to ~ 105 CFU/L) and total bacteria (TBC, from ~ 105 to ~ 109 CFU/L) increased with water temperature (17 °C to 37 °C). A combination of variations in tidal height, salinity and turbidity had a distinct influence on CVC, TBC and coliform counts. At Diamond Harbour, a salinity increase from 0.6 to 7.9 was accompanied by a 1000-fold amplification of initial CVC ~ 102 CFU/L, whereas higher prevalence of coliforms in Kolkata was related to greater disposal of untreated sewage into the river. Turbidity-dependent variation of CVC was noteworthy, particularly at Diamond Harbour, where CVC in intertidal surface sediments showed an analogous trend as in surface waters, suggesting bentho-pelagic coupling of Vibrio dynamics. Besides the influence of salinity variation with tidal cycles, sediment re-suspension from tidal flats can play a role on Vibrio abundance in aquatic ecosystems.Fil: Batabyal, Prasenjit. National Institute For Cholera And Enteric Diseases; IndiaFil: Einsporn, Marc H.. Leibniz Centre For Tropical Marine Ecology; AlemaniaFil: Mookerjee, Subham. National Institute For Cholera And Enteric Diseases; IndiaFil: Palit, Anup. National Institute For Cholera And Enteric Diseases; IndiaFil: Neogi, Sucharit B.. Osaka Prefecture University; Bangladesh. International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research; BangladeshFil: Nair, Gopinath B.. National Institute For Cholera And Enteric Diseases; India. Translational Health Science and Technology Institute; IndiaFil: Lara, Ruben Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (i); Argentin
Seasonal dynamics of Vibrio cholerae and its phages in riverine ecosystem of Gangetic West Bengal: cholera paradigm
Get PDFThe Gangetic delta is a century-old cholera endemic belt where the role of riverine–estuarine ecosystem in cholera transmission has never been elucidated. Seasonality, distribution, and abundance of environmental Vibrio cholerae O1/O139 and vibriophage in Hooghly riverine–estuarine environment and their correlation with cholera incidence pattern in West Bengal, India, have been analyzed for the first time across summer, monsoon, and winter months. A total of 146 water samples collected from two sites of the Hooghly River (Howrah and Diamond Harbour) were analyzed physicochemically along with cultivable Vibrio count (CVC), V. cholerae O1/O139, and vibriophages. V. cholerae O1 was detected in 56 (38.3 %) samples, while 66 (45.2 %) were positive for V. cholerae O1 phages. Flood tide, water temperature (31 ± 1.6 °C), and turbidity (≥250 nephelometric turbidity unit (NTU)) significantly stimulated V. cholerae and vibriophage abundance in riverine ecosystem. Solitary existence of V. cholerae O1 and phages (p < 0.0001) in aquatic environment divulges the dominance of either of the entity (V. cholerae O1 or V. cholerae O1 Φ) on the other. Significant association (p < 0.05) between Kolkata cholera cases and V. cholerae O1 in aquatic environment implies the role of riverine–estuarine ecosystem in cholera transmission. A “biomonitoring tool” of physicochemical stimulants, tidal, and climatic variants has been proposed collating V. cholerae and phage dynamics that can forewarn any impending cholera outbreak.Fil: Mookerjee, Subham. National Institute For Cholera And Enteric Diseases; IndiaFil: Jaiswal, Abhishek. National Institute For Cholera And Enteric Diseases; IndiaFil: Batabyal, Prasenjit. National Institute For Cholera And Enteric Diseases; IndiaFil: Einsporn, Marc H.. Centre For Tropical Marine Ecology; AlemaniaFil: Lara, Ruben Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (i); Argentina. Centre For Tropical Marine Ecology; AlemaniaFil: Sarkar, Banwarilal. National Institute For Cholera And Enteric Diseases; IndiaFil: Neogi, Sucharit Basu. Osaka Prefecture University; Japón. International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research; BangladeshFil: Palit, Anup. National Institute For Cholera And Enteric Diseases; Indi
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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