1,721,097 research outputs found
Recombinant human TSH and endothelial function: a still inresolved issue
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Towards a Powerful Hardware‐in‐the‐Loop System for Virtual Calibration of an Off‐Road Diesel Engine
Full text linkA common challenge among internal combustion engine (ICE) manufacturers is shorten-ing the development time while facing requirements and specifications that are becoming more complex and border in scope. Virtual simulation and calibration are effective instruments in the face of these demands. This article presents the development of zero‐dimensional (0D)—real‐time engine and exhaust after‐treatment system (EAS) models and their deployment on a Virtual test bench (VTB). The models are created using a series of measurements acquired in a real test bench, carefully performed in view of ensuring the highest reliability of the models themselves. A zero‐dimensional approach was chosen to guarantee that models could be run in real‐time and interfaced to the real engine Electronic Control Unit (ECU). Being physically based models, they react to changes in the ECU calibration parameters. Once the models are validated, they are then integrated into a Sim-ulink® based architecture with all the Inputs/Outputs connections to the ECU. This Simulink® model is then deployed on a Hardware in the Loop (HiL) machine for ECU testing and calibration. The results for engine and EAS performance and emissions align with both steady‐state and transient measurements. Finally, two different applications of the HiL system are presented to explain the opportunities and advantages of this tool integrated within the standard engine development. Ex-amples cited refer to altitude calibration activities and soot loading investigation on vehicle duty cycles. The cases described in this work are part of the actual development of one of the latest engines developed by Kohler Engines: the KDI 1903 TCR Stage V. The application of this methodology reveals a great potential for engine development and may become an essential tool for calibration engineers
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Radioiodine ablation: when and how
No full textDifferentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy with the highest mortality although with appropriate treatment has a good long-term prognosis and cure rate. Over the last 30 years there is a worldwide trend showing an increasing incidence of thyroid cancer. In DTC patients, total thyroidectomy has been for many decades routinely followed by the administration of radioiodine (131I) activity to destroy remnant thyroid tissue. Several reasons are in favour to routine ablation of postoperative thyroid remnants. The combination of both surgery and radioiodine has proven as a safe and effective treatment, resulting in improved life expectation and reduced recurrence rate for DTC patients. Recently, however, 131I ablation is not uniformly recommended for cancers smaller than 10 mm, and its use is debated for papillary tumours with diameter between 10 and 20 mm. Indeed, the decision about subsequent 131I thyroid remnant ablation is recommended as "individualized and selective". Even if new evidence has emerged that provides additional support for performing 131I treatment, the possible presence of radioiodine-associated side effects should be not overlooked. Moreover, a lot of discussion has taken place as to whether, and to what extent, 131I may cause secondary malignancies. Blood-based dosimetry is important to avoid surplus bone marrow toxicity while treating DTC patients. In this regard, the availability of a genetically engineered version of recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) provides an alternative tool to enhance serum TSH levels without inducing hypothyroidism. The administration of rhTSH to thyroid cancer patients still on LT4 therapy promotes radioiodine uptake and thyroglobulin production by thyroid cells to an extent comparable with hypothyroidism, preserving patients' quality of life, increasing the renal clearance of 131I and decreasing both the whole body and the blood dose. In this review the authors will discuss the pros and cons of postoperative radioiodine-induced thyroid remnant ablation
Endocrine dysfunction and cognitive impairment
No full textDementia is a highly prevalent chronic disease among the older population, affecting more than 50 million people worldwide and representing a huge healthcare, social and economic burden. dementia, and in particular alzheimer’s disease, prevalence is expected to raise within the next few years. Unfortunately, no disease-modifying therapies are available so far, despite a plethora of clinical trials targeting the hallmarks of alzheimer’s disease. given these premises, it appears crucial to address not only the neuropathological correlates of the disease, but also the modifiable risk factors. Among them, evidence suggest a role of the endocrine system not only in the brain development, but also in the maintenance of its health, having neurotrophic, antioxidant and metabolic functions crucial for the cognitive abilities. This review focuses on the evidence evaluating the impact of the endocrine systems, in particular thyroid function, insulin resistance, parathyroid hormone, vitamin d and sexual hormones on cognitive status. results from epidemiological, preclinical and some clinical studies demonstrated the link between thyroid, parathyroid hormone and vitamin d and cognitive status, between diabetes, and insulin resistance in particular, and dementia, between sexual and adrenal hormones, particularly estrogen variation at menopause, and cognitive decline. The growing interest on the modifiable risks factors of cognitive decline increased the knowledge about the complex interplay of endocrine systems and cognition, highlighting the need and the usefulness of a multidisciplinary approach to the prevention of a complex and devastating disease
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