1,720,975 research outputs found
L'Enseignement Supérieur et la recherche en danger
No full textMonthubert Bertrand. L'Enseignement Supérieur et la recherche en danger. In: Raison présente, n°173, 1er trimestre 2010. L'enjeu du service public. pp. 77-87
Groupoids and pseudodifferential calculus on manifolds with corners
No full textAbstractWe associate to any manifold with corners (even with non-embedded hyperfaces) a (non-Hausdorff) longitudinally smooth Lie groupoid, on which we define a pseudodifferential calculus. This calculus generalizes the b-calculus of Melrose, defined for manifolds with embedded corners. The groupoid of a manifold with corners is shown to be unique up to equivalence for manifolds with corners of same codimension. Using tools from the theory of C∗-algebras of groupoids, we also obtain new proofs for the study of b-calculus
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Pour une société apprenante
Full text linkInscrite dans la loi pour l\u27enseignement supérieur et la recherche du 23 juillet 2013, la stratégie nationale de l\u27enseignement supérieur (StraNES) a pour ambition de définir les objectifs nationaux engageant l\u27avenir à l\u27horizon des 10 prochaines années et de proposer les moyens de les atteindre. Ce rapport est issu d\u27un large processus de concertation auprès des acteurs et parties prenantes de l\u27enseignement supérieur et des chercheurs et observateurs rencontrés, il fait suite à un rapport d\u27étape destiné à présenter une première vision de la stratégie nationale de l\u27enseignement supérieur remis le 9 juillet 2014. Le rapport identifie cinq axes stratégiques construire une société apprenante et soutenir notre économie, développer la dimension européenne et l\u27internationalisation de notre enseignement supérieur, favoriser une réelle accession sociale et agir pour l\u27inclusion, inventer l\u27éducation supérieure du XXIème siècle, répondre aux aspirations de la jeunesse ainsi que trois leviers dessiner un nouveau paysage pour l\u27enseignement supérieur, écouter et soutenir les femmes et les hommes qui y travaillent, investir pour la société apprenante
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
On the GPAI-ELI Project on Co-Generated Data: Project spotlight
No full textInternational audienceAmidst the intensifying race for AI advancement, it is imperative to establish a trustworthy environment for AI development through inclusive multistakeholder dialogues and cooperation on AI governance. Consequently, the Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI) aims to foster human-centric, safe, secure, and trustworthy AI across its 44 member countries spanning six continents. The Data Governance Working Group of GPAI, co-led by the authors, has identified co-generated data as a critical focus area, particularly with the rise of generative AI technologies like ChatGPT. This focus is crucial for addressing data access regulation. The GPAI working groups are tasked with bridging the gap between international declarations and practical implementation, developing tools to make concepts actionable. A significant outcome of these efforts is the Principles Elaborated for Copyright and Data Protection Rights in Co-Generated Input and Output of Generative AI, developed in collaboration with the European Law Institute. Adopting these principles is deemed crucial for AI development, particularly in accessing high-quality data held by organizations, and is integral to building Common European Data Spaces.Alors que la course aux progrès de l'IA s'intensifie, il est impératif d'établir un environnement fiable pour le développement de l'IA par le biais de dialogues multipartites inclusifs et d'une coopération sur la gouvernance de l'IA. Par conséquent, le Partenariat mondial sur l'intelligence artificielle (PMIA, nommé Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence-GPAI en Anglais) vise à promouvoir une IA centrée sur l'humain, sûre, sécurisée et digne de confiance dans ses 44 pays membres répartis sur les six continents. Le groupe de travail sur la gouvernance des données du GPAI, codirigé par les auteurs, a identifié les données co-générées comme un domaine d'intérêt critique, en particulier avec l'essor des technologies d'IA générative telles que ChatGPT. Ce domaine est essentiel pour aborder la question de la réglementation de l'accès aux données. Les groupes de travail du GPAI sont chargés de combler le fossé entre les déclarations internationales et la mise en œuvre pratique, en développant des outils pour rendre les concepts applicables. Les principes élaborés pour les droits d'auteur et de protection des données dans les entrées et sorties co-générées de l'IA générative, développés en collaboration avec le European Law Institute, constituent un résultat important de ces efforts. L'adoption de ces principes est jugée cruciale pour le développement de l'IA, en particulier pour l'accès aux données de haute qualité détenues par les organisations, et fait partie intégrante de la création d'espaces européens communs de données
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