190,120 research outputs found
Política forestal y producción de los montes públicos españoles. Una visión de conjunto, 1861-1933
No full textEditada en la Fundación Empresa PúblicaUna de las consecuencias de las transformaciones de la propiedad de la tierra en España, durante el siglo XIX, fue la constitución de un extenso patrimonio forestal público (6,6 millones de hectáreas), que pasó a depender de la administración central y que se conserva hoy casi en su totalidad. En este artículo se ofrece una visión de conjunto de las producciones y de la gestión de los montes públicos. La intervención del Estado se ha dividido en cuatro etapas y, considerando los resultados más que los objetivos iniciales, destacan dos conclusiones. Primera: por sus características, los montes públicos no eran adecuados para que los gobiernos los utilizaran con el fin de dirigir el rumbo de la economía forestal nacional. Segunda: la administración central aplicó, no una, sino varias políticas forestales, atendiendo a los cambios en los mercados y a las diferentes circunstancias económicas, sociales y ecológicas de las comarcas donde se encontraban los montes.One of the consequences of transformations in Spanish land properties in the 19th century was the constitution of an extensive (6.6 million hectares) public forest patrimony —still kept— dependent on the Central Administration. In this article, an overview of the main features, as well as the management and production forms of such a patrimony, is presented. State intervention is divided into four stages and, considering their results rather than their initial goals, two main conclusions are reached. First, given their characteristics, public forests were not adequate for the government to be able to lead this part of the forest national economy. Second, the central administration applied not one but several public forest policies, according to changes in the markets and to the economic situation, and social and ecological conditions where forests were found.Publicad
Estado, comunidad y mercado en los montes municipales extremeños (1855-1924)
No full textEditada en la Fundación Empresa PúblicaEste trabajo pretende evaluar el alcance de la intervención estatal en
el proceso de redefinición de los derechos de propiedad. El objetivo fundamental
es analizar, a través del estudio de los montes municipales extremeños,
el grado de aplicación de los dos mecanisnios de actuación previstos
por la legislación liberal en el ámbito de los patrimonios de titularidad pública:
la enajenación definitiva de la propiedad y la inspección técnica de la
producción. Aun matizando el protagonismo de la ley, la investigación confirma
plenamente el éxito de la fórmula privatizadora en el suroeste peninsular.
Menos evidente resulta, sin embargo, el triunfo de la vía interventora.
Es aquí, precisamente, donde quedan reflejadas las dificultades del Estado
para lograr una aplicación homogénea de la norma en todo el territorio
nacional.This work aims to evaluate the extent of State intervention in the process
of the redefinition of property rights. By studying the evolution of municipal
woodlands in Extremadura, my main objective is to analyse the two mechanisms
of intervention in the área of publicly held property: the definitive privatisation
of property and the technical inspection of production. Even if we
play down the effect of legislation, the present investigation confirms the full
success of the privatisation formula employed in the Sapnish Southwest. State
control over production, however, was far less efficient. Precisely in this área
we can see how difficult it is for the State to enforce a comprehensively policy
throghout its territory.Publicad
Ocupação do solo e microclimas urbanos: o caso de Montes Claros - MG
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-graduação em Arquitetura e UrbanismoO trabalho se refere à análise do clima urbano de Montes Claros, cidade localizada no norte do estado de Minas Gerais, com cerca de 350 mil habitantes. O município possui o clima tropical sub-úmido, sendo definido por duas estações típicas: um verão quente com chuvas e uma estação seca prolongada. O trabalho parte do pressuposto de que há uma correlação entre as variáveis climáticas de temperatura e a umidade relativa (variáveis - resposta), medidas em campo, e as variáveis urbanísticas (variáveis explicativas) utilizadas no estudo que são: Proporção de Áreas Permeáveis e Impermeáveis, Densidade Construída, Fator de Forma e Fator de Visão de Céu e da análise qualitativa da topografia. Os dados climáticos foram medidos em onze pontos distintos da malha urbana, que representam diferentes padrões de uso do solo no município, em três períodos distintos: o verão quente e úmido, o inverno ameno e seco, e estação mais seca, com temperatura elevada e baixa umidade. Os resultados foram analisados sob três aspectos: através da análise causal e temporal da ilha de calor, através da correlação entre as variáveis e em relação à situação do conforto térmico exterior por meio do Diagrama Bioclimático de Givoni de 1992. Os resultados encontrados mostram elevada correlação entre os dados, especialmente no período noturno, estendendo-se até a madrugada, o que permitiu a identificação da ilha de calor na cidade como fenômeno noturno. Os resultados mostraram que há interdependência entre as variáveis, assim, conclui-se que o comportamento climático dos pontos não pode ser explicado por uma variável isoladamente. Contudo, correlações encontradas foram mais significativas para as variáveis de Densidade Construída, Fator de Forma e Fator de Visão de Céu. As correlações encontradas foram negativas para as áreas verdes e positivas para as áreas impermeáveis, em todos os períodos medidos. As variáveis levantadas se relacionam diretamente à legislação urbanística, e podem ser utilizadas como uma ferramenta para a incorporação dos dados do clima ao planejamento urbano do município. This work refers to the analysis of urban climate of Montes Claros, a city located in the north of Minas Gerais state in Brazil with about 350 mil inhabitants. The city's climate is sub-humid tropical, being defined by two typical seasons: warm summer with rain and prolonged dry season. This work assumes the presupposed that there is an intimate relation between temperature climate variables and relative humidity (answer variables), measured on the field, and urban variables (explicative variables) which are: Proportion of Permeable and Impermeable Areas, Constructed Density, Form Factor and Sky View Factor and Topographic Qualitative Analysis. The climate data was measured on eleven distinct points of the urban tissue, which represent different patterns of municipal ground use on three different periods: warm and humid summer; mild and dry winter; and drier season, with high temperatures and low humidity. The results were studied about three aspects: throught causal and temporal analysis of the urban heat island, through the correlation between variables and about thermal comfort through the Diagram Bioclimatic of Givoni 1992. The results show a high correlation between the data, especially during nighttime, extending through dawn, which allowed the identification of the heat island in the city as a nocturnal phenomenon. The results show that there is interdependence between the variables, then concluded that the conduct climate of points can not be explained by a variable alone. However, the correlations found were more significant in the Constructed Density, Form Factor and Sky View Factor. The correlations found were negative for green areas and positive for impermeable areas, during all measured periods. The found data relates directly to the urban legislation, which allows it to be used as a tool for incorporating data from the climate to the urban planning of the city
Las ordenaciones forestales en las primeras décadas del siglo XX: Cambio institucional y resultados productivos
No full textEl trabajo analiza las ordenaciones de montes de principios del siglo XX en España para evaluar en qué medida se lograron alcanzar los objetivos para los que fueron planteadas. Para ello se enmarcan las ordenaciones en el conjunto de la política forestal, se profundiza en el proceso de concesiones de ordenación a particulares y se analizan las principales normas de explotación estipuladas en los contratos. La principal conclusión es que las normas concretas que regularon las ordenaciones presentaron deficiencias que no permitieron cumplir plenamente los objetivos: si bien se logró acelerar las extracciones forestales en momentos determinados, no se consiguió un incremento sostenido de la productividad y hay sospechas de que todo ello pudo incidir negativamente sobre las existencias forestales de los montes sujetos a ordenación.This work explores the management of public forests in Spain at the beginning of the twentieth century, in an effort to evaluate its effectiveness. For this purpose the article examine why and how the State made public forest management concessions to private enterprise, and analyzes the specific clauses of the contracts. The main conclusion is that those clauses were inefficient and although they accelerated forest product extractions, they did not achieve a constant growth of forest productivity. This could have had a negative effect on the sustainability of the forests being managed.Publicad
Sensitization to Aeroallergens in Asthmatic Children Living in Rural or Urban Area in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
No full textUniv Estadual Montes Claros, Montes Claros, BrazilUNIFESP EPM, São Paulo, BrazilUNIFESP EPM, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc
Juntar erarios y montes de piedad: un arbitrio barroco ante las Cortes de Castilla
No full textEditada en la Fundación Empresa PúblicaLas dificultades financieras de la Corona española en el Siglo de Oro favorecieron la propuesta de emparejar los ya conocidos montes de piedad con unos nuevos «erarios públicos», que facilitarían fondos a la Corona y a los particulares sin caer en la práctica nefanda de la usura, contratando a censo y no a préstamo. Las Cortes de Castilla comenzaron apadrinando el proyecto, pero lo hundieron para evitar que el Conde Duque de Olivares lo convirtiese en un instrumento de recaudación coactiva de la Hacienda. Queda patente que las Cortes de Castilla mantenían sus poderes de resistencia un siglo después de la derrota de Villalar. Por eso, los memoriales de los arbitristas no eran dirigidos sólo al Rey y sus ministros, sino también a las Cortes, que reflejaban una opinión pública muy viva y sensible. El análisis del contrato de censo, con el que se evitaba la condena teológica de la usura, ayuda a trazar la lenta penetración del espíritu capitalista en la España barroca.Given the financial difficulties of the Spanish Crown in the 17th century, a willing ear was turned to proposals for combining Italian type Monti di Pietà with Crown chartered erarios, to finance both the Crown and private borrowers: nefarious usury was avoided by granting loans under the guise of a mortgage or lien. The Cortes of Castille favoured the project, but later scuppered it to stop the Count Duke of Olivares from using it as a taxing device. The study makes it clear that the Cortes kept their powers of resistance for a century after the rout of the Comuneros at Villalar: hence the abundance of projects addressed to the Cortes and a lively and sensitive public opinion, beside those addressed to the King and his ministers. The analysis of loans granted under mortgages and liens helps map the slow progress of the spirit of capitalism in baroque Spain.Publicad
Prevalence of atopic dermatitis in schoolchildren living in rural and urban area in Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
No full textUniv Estadual Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, BrazilISMD, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc
Cassini/VIMS Spectra and Time-Evolution of Precipitation-Associated Surface Brightenings on Titan
No full textLarge areas of Titan’s surface brightened at all wavelengths
as seen from Cassini/VIMS for several months. The brightenings occurred after a large storm and rainfall event, and may relate to volatile refreezing due to evaporative cooling
La madera en España (c. 1850-c. 1950). Un primer esbozo
No full textEditada en la Fundación Empresa PúblicaLa madera ha sido y sigue siendo un material empleado por el hombre
en multitud de aplicaciones, pero apenas ha merecido la atención de los historiadores
económicos. El artículo quiere mostrar la diversidad de la problemática
económica de la madera y la necesidad de que sea objeto de futuras
investigaciones. Se analizan los aspectos forestales, industriales y comerciales
de la madera en España, entre mediados del siglo XIX y mediados del siglo XX,
teniendo en cuenta los cambios que se estaban produciendo en el uso de
la madera y en la evolución de los mercados internacionales. Entre las conclusiones,
destaca la «maderización» de la producción forestal española, el
incremento y difusión de los aserraderos, la complementariedad de la producción
nacional con la madera importada, y el descapitalizador autoabastecimiento
de los años de la autarquía.Wood has always been and will continué being a material used bay man
in thousands of different ways, but it has barely received the attention it deserves from economic historians. This article aims to show the great variety of
economic problems related to wood as well as to Illustrate the need to carry
out further research on this matter. Forest, industrial and commercial aspects
of wood in Spain from mid-XIX to mid-XX century, taking into account the
changes produced in wood use and in the evolution of international markets,
are analysed. The most important conclusions of the study include the «lumbering
» of Spanish forest production, the increase and spread of sawmills,
the complementing of national production with imported timber and the
self-sufficient descapitalisation of the autharchic years.Publicad
MONTES, Alberto & Co., S. en C.
No full textLetter from J.S. Smith to Mr. Alberto Montes & Co., informing of Gen. Salvador Alvarado's foolish actions in New York before bankers interested in the Mexican debt. File M-54 / Carta de J.S. Smith a los Srs. Alberto Montes & Co., informando de la desatinada actuación del Gral. Salvador Alvarado en Nueva York con banqueros interesados en la deuda de México. Exp. M-5
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