1,720,965 research outputs found
Simulation of Dynamic Thermal Behaviour for Housing in Warm Climate: The Case of Thermal Mass in Lightweight Envelopes
No full textComparison between simulation results and measured performances is usually an open scientific problem, crucial to achieving the goal of NZEB performance.
This paper addresses this issue in relation to residential buildings, using as a case study “RhOME for denCity”, the housing prototype developed by Roma TRE University and winner of Solar Decathlon Europe 2014.
In a Mediterranean climate, the use of the mass combined with natural cross ventilation to control the indoor microclimate can be very effective in reducing HVAC use. Therefore, a “massive layer” was introduced in the inner surface of the envelope to not only contribute to the envelope transmittance value and the shifting phase of the thermal waves, but also as a thermal shock absorber to adjust the internal temperature, in both summer and winter.
This experimental envelope was tested over two weeks during the competition in Versailles. Although prototype thermal behaviour was monitored only during the competition, and not over an extended period, initial results provide information on how to size the thermal mass contribution for indoor comfort. In-depth simulation through TRNSYS was run prior to the construction phase. This paper presents the comparison between monitored performance and simulations in order to measure the amount of mass needed to obtain a numerical improvement in indoor comfort performance
Accessibilità al benessere microclimatico e accessibilità energetica. Strategie di mitigazione e misurabilità dei risultati.
No full textL’urbanizzazione massiva, con i cambiamenti nell’uso dei territori, ha intensificato
il fenomeno dell’Isola di Calore Urbano che, a fronte dell’aumento delle superfici
sigillate, si prefigura sempre più impattante. La correlazione tra dati di temperatura
e di mortalità estiva, e dati sull’incremento della povertà energetica, evidenziano
come sia necessario porre l’attenzione sulla sperimentazione di sinergiche strategie
di mitigazione e di incentivo dell’autosufficienza energetica e del decentramento
della produzione. Questo contributo propone il concetto di accessibilità al benessere
microclimatico e di accessibilità energetica e, mostrando esempi virtuosi, evidenzia
l’importanza di promuovere la misurabilità dei risultati attraverso l’uso di modelli di
simulazione.Massive urbanisation, with its changes in land use, has intensified the Urban Heat
Island effect. The correlation between temperature and summer mortality data, and data
on the increase in energy poverty, highlight the need to focus on the experimentation
of synergetic mitigation strategies and incentives for energy self-sufficiency and the
decentralisation of production. This article proposes the concept of microclimate and
energy accessibility and, by showing virtuous examples, highlights the importance of
promoting the measurability of results through the use of simulation models
Requisiti minimi per risposte abitative essenziali di natura temporanea: contributo tecnologico al framework di resilienza.
No full textLa pressione demografica, dovuta a migrazioni e inurbamento massivo nelle megacity, determina un disagio abitativo che in assenza di risposte rapide della programmazione urbanistica tradizionale, comporta una sempre maggiore emergenza abitativa che si traduce in risposte informali autogestite che diventano, esse stesse, emergenza.
La città è chiamata a far fronte a questo stress cronico, aumentando la propria attitudine alla resilienza e operando una pianificazione preventiva di risposte abitative, rapide e a basso costo, che esulino da soluzioni emergenziali e dal consumo di suolo extraurbano.
Attraverso una metodologia complessa, basata sull’analisi di insediamenti informali, e di Casi Studio progettati come prevenzione ad essi, il presente contributo, frutto di una tesi di dottorato, indaga su quale apporto possa dare l’architettura alla resilienza e se esistano caratteri connotanti - tecnologici, tipologici, funzionali, procedurali - che, applicati preventivamente al progetto, possano coadiuvare risposte affini a processi resilienti. Si presenta quindi a livello metaprogettuale un “Framework di indicazioni tecniche di una risposta abitativa essenziale, di nuova costruzione e di natura temporanea”, strutturato in “Schede Tecniche per la Progettazione”, con indicazioni progettuali e procedurali, volto ad essere di ausilio agli attori coinvolti in processi progettuali, dagli esiti resilienti
Gli spazi aperti di prossimità. Un'opportunità di cambiamento verso la transizione ecologica.
No full textA seguito dell’inizio della crisi sanitaria globale, che ha evidenziato l’incapacità di
molte città nel rispondere alle molteplici e concomitanti emergenze, è maturata
la consapevolezza di quanto fosse necessario ragionare non solo su come fronteggiare
il virus, ma anche su come il sovra-utilizzo e il conseguente adattamento dell’ecosistema ai bisogni antropici stessero acuendo i rischi globali che riconoscono
nell’urbanizzazione dei territori una tra le principali cause di alterazione ambientale.
Al contempo, città ben pianificate spazialmente si sono dimostrate più resilienti
evidenziando quanto proprio le città possano rappresentare il principale campo
di applicazione di strategie per la transizione ambientale per attivare co-benefici
per salute e clima. Il contributo presenta gli esiti di una ricerca su alcune ipotesi
di riconfigurazione degli spazi urbani di prossimità, finalizzate alla mitigazione e
all’adattamento agli effetti dei cambiamenti climatici, considerando condizioni multiple
di sostenibilità individuate da tre ambiti di intervento e dalle loro interrelazioni
più efficaci per la decarbonizzazione: energie rinnovabili, accessibilità e mobilità sostenibile, servizi ecosistemici
An experimentation on the limits and potential of Renewable Energy Communities in the built city: buildings and proximity open spaces for energy decentralization
No full textEnergy Transition commonly refers to changes during the time of a specific geographical unit, but rarely considers changes in the spatial organization of the energy system and how urban area, place and scale can shape it. Considering the geographies of a low-carbon energy transition means not only understanding and mapping the consequences of the policies implemented in a place, but also assuming some significant implications, such as the spatial differences of places and the interactions that take place within them at different scales, thus activating creative processes of change.
In this context, the paper explores the potentialities and limitations of decentralized energy production systems in urban environments. With the aim of implementing climate mitigation actions, it analyzes how the structure and the spatial organization of some different built-up urban districts in Rome can affect the configuration and the sizing of a decentralized renewable energy production system.
The results of the first analysis in the pilot cases of Testaccio, Balduina and Prima Porta show the impact of scale difference on the configuration of Renewable Energy Communities. Investigating how the organization of the built-up urban districts can influence the decentralized energy system, the paper highlights not only the supply of renewable energy but also the balance between demand and supply of energy for different local uses and the reciprocal role between buildings and proximity open spaces could have a key role in the urban energy transition process. Inevitably, this balancing act will depend on the specific characteristics of the urban patterns and, therefore, each urban landscape will condition the organization of the energy system
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Cities and decarbonisation: an assessment model for the technological reconfiguration of proximity open spaces.
No full textIt is well known that a large percentage of total climate-changing gas emissions comes from the energy sector and that, therefore, promoting energy from RES is an important tool to mitigate the effects of climate change, not only to reduce the use of fossil fuels and waste in transport and building management, but also to incentivise on-site production and more responsible use of energy.
Within the framework of the most recent European initiatives (REPowerEU, Directive 2023/1791), the establishment of Renewable Energy Communities has also become a national priority (implementing Decree of the Ministry of the Environment and Energy Security - MASE - on REC, 2023) to foster decentralised energy production, especially in urban areas.
However, alongside the decarbonisation processes underway, strategies related to the energy transition necessarily interrelate with other dimensions of the resilience of the built environment that contribute to enhancing its adaptive capacities, such as those related to the ecosystem services that can be provided.
In the need to decarbonise, and in the ever more incisive search for a proximity dimension, cities, increasingly populated, store their wealth in the proximity open spaces. Meeting places and important opportunities for transition, intended to support proximity by accommodating new functions, supporting sustainable mobility and energy transition, enhancing ecosystem services and encouraging sociability among citizens sharing the space.
With reference to some case studies in Rome, the research investigates the contribution of proximity open spaces to mitigation of and adaptation to the effects of climate change.
The methodology is based on the elaboration of scenarios related to three potential areas for the decarbonisation of cities (Energy, Ecosystem Services, Mobility), and aims to provide interconnection hypotheses between them in order to identify possible synergies or conflicts in the use of proximity open spaces, supporting their reconfiguration in support of possible evolutionary scenarios of city regeneration through conscious decisions.
The application of the method on different Roman urban fabrics, representative of urban morphologies and building typologies of the consolidated city, makes it possible to compare their prevailing attitudes with respect to the areas investigated, and to identify the 'vocation', more or less strong, of their open proximity spaces, to accommodate the new functions supporting decarbonisation. In a scenario in which environmental, social, economic and health risks coexist, the tool is proposed as a decision support for planners and administrators in the area, to prefigure and measure the decarbonisation capacity of possible project configurations and support their effectiveness with data
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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