1,721,120 research outputs found
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on eating disorders: A paradigm for an emotional post-traumatic stress model of eating disorders
No full textEarly traumatic experiences and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in people with eating disorders: A narrative review
Full text link: Exposure to trauma during childhood is a non-specific risk factor for psychiatric disorders, including eating disorders (EDs), over the life course. Moreover, an association between stressful life events and the onset/maintenance of EDs has been documented. Therefore, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, namely the main component of the endogenous stress response system, has been proposed to be implicated in the pathophysiology of EDs. In this narrative review the current knowledge concerning the effects of early trauma exposure on the HPA axis activity and their putative role in the pathophysiology of EDs will be illustrated. Research findings corroborate the idea that childhood trauma exposure has long-lasting dysregulating effects on the activity of the HPA axis, which may contribute to the biological background of the early trauma-related risk for the development of EDs across the life span. Moreover, literature data support the existence of a "maltreated ecophenotype" in EDs characterized by specific clinic and neuroendocrine features, which may have important implications in treatment programming for such a type of patients
Introduction to Family, Peers, and Carers
No full textSocial factors play a central role in eating disorders and can contribute to the predisposition, maintenance, or recovery from an eating disorder (Schmidt & Treasure, 2006; Treasure et al., 2020). In this part there are a collection of chapters that examine the role of social factors across the life course. These range from the individual through to the global perspective
Effectiveness and predictors of psychotherapy in eating disorders: state-of-the-art and future directions
No full textPurpose of review: Psychotherapy is the cornerstone of the multidisciplinary treatment approach for eating disorders. This review examines recent evidence regarding effectiveness, predictors, and mechanisms of change of psychotherapy in eating disorders, providing a road map for clinicians and researchers. Recent findings: Family-based treatments (FBT) are effective in adolescents with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Evidence-based psychotherapies for anorexia nervosa have no evidence of superiority compared with treatment as usual (TAU) in adults with anorexia nervosa. Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is the first-choice psychotherapy recommended for adults with bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder (BED). Self-help interventions have some evidence of effectiveness in nonunderweight individuals with eating disorders. Early symptom improvement and adolescent age predict more favourable outcomes. Summary: Evidence-based psychotherapies can be suggested for eating disorders, although follow-up data are needed. Beyond anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and BED, there is no evidence of psychotherapy effectiveness in other eating disorders. The effectiveness of novel (e.g. 'third-wave') psychotherapies, treatment delivery modality (e.g. internet-delivered), and adjunctive interventions (e.g. virtual reality) needs to be further explored. A broader definition of recovery is recommended, including behavioural, physical, and psychological criteria. Predictors and mechanisms of changes have not been studied enough: quantitative and qualitative studies are needed to promote more tailored and individualized psychotherapy interventions
A systematic review of network analysis studies in eating disorders: Is time to broaden the core psychopathology to non specific symptoms
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Childhood traumatic experiences and functioning of both neurobiological components of the endogenous stress response system in adult people with eating disorders
No full textStress hormones and eating disorders
No full textAims: The aim of this paper is to emphasize the role of stress processes in the aetiology of eating disorders. Methods: We have examined the literature for evidence that people with eating disorders might exhibit markers of stress and show signs of the “maltreated ecophenotype”. Results: Early adversity is more common among people with binge eating behaviours. The secondary effects of malnutrition, which are mostly marked in anorexia nervosa, may be an added stressor that could also contribute to the stress related phenotype. People with eating disorders have anomalies in brain structure, reward and punishment sensitivity, and the balance between HPA and SMA function. These may be potential targets for treatment
Microbioma intestinale e anoressia nervosa: studio prospettico in un gruppo di pazienti ospedalizzate
No full textRuolo degli stili di attaccamento insicuro nella risposta biologica ed emotiva allo stress in pazienti con disturbi dell’alimentazione
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