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Caracterização fitogeográfica do município de Campo Mourão, Paraná, Brasil
Get PDFOrientador: Prof. Dr. Mauro ParolinCoorientador: Prof. Dr. Marcelo Galeazzi CaxambuTese (doutorado em Geografia) - Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 2023RESUMO: Campo Mourão se encontra numa área de transição climática, apresentando uma grande diversidade vegetacional com áreas ecotonais entre as Florestas Ombrófila Mista (FOM) e Floresta Estacional Semidecidual (FES); encraves de Cerrado em situação relictual; áreas de Formações Pioneiras com Influência Flúvio-lacustre; e, áreas com afloramentos rochosos no interior florestal, conferindo uma importância ainda maior para o estudo desta flora. Estudos específicos dos padrões de distribuição das vegetações locais e regionais contribuem para uma melhor compreensão dos padrões de distribuição da vegetação estadual e nacional. Portanto, com a intenção de melhor compreender esta flora específica e suas peculiaridades, este trabalho tem como objetivo geral a caracterização fitogeográfica do município de Campo Mourão. Para tanto, foi realizado um levantamento das espécies catalogadas na base de dados da rede SpeciesLink e Herbário Virtual Reflora, sendo utilizado dados de 49 coleções de herbários. A confirmação do material botânico foi conduzida por meio da literatura especializada, consulta a especialistas ou comparação de material. Como resultado intermediario, foi produzido um banco de dados com: o material testemunho para as áreas de Afloramentos rochosos, Cerrado, Florestas (FES e FOM), Parque Estadual Lago Azul (PELA), Área urbana, Arredores e Banhado (Formações Pioneiras de Influência Flúvio-lacustre); formas de vida; uso de substrato; espécies exóticas naturalizadas e cultivadas; espécies invasoras; espécies endêmicas do Brasil e do estado do Paraná. Como resultado do levantamento, foram analisadas 4.277 amostras, que representaram 1.501 espécies de plantas vasculares, distribuidas em 168 famílias e 806 gêneros para o município de Campo Mourão. As famílias botânicas mais ricas foram Asteraceae (127 espécies), Fabaceae (138), Poaceae (77) e Euphorbiaceae (53). Quanto à origem, 1.187 espécies são nativas do Brasil, 79,08% de toda a flora catalogada para o município. Destas, 417 foram coletadas apenas em áreas florestais, 144 espécies apenas em áreas de cerrado e 17 espécies apenas em áreas de afloramentos basálticos, as demais foram coletadas em mais de uma área. Embora a maioria das espécies sejam florestais, as espécies de cerrado e de afloramentos rochosos chamam atenção porque estão restritas a pequenas áreas e tendem a serem endêmicas destes ambientes. A maior concentração de coletas está nas áreas de Cerrado e Parque Estadual Lago Azul. Em Campo Mourão são encontradas espécies dos vários domínios fitogeográficos do pais, com destaque para a Mata Atlântica e Cerrado. Em relação a ameaça de extinção 10 espécies são classificadas como "Em perigo" e 11 espécies como "Vunerável". Apesar dos esforços de coletas recentes, 29 espécies não são coletadas no município há mais de 50 anos e apresentam coletas raras e distribuição restrita no Brasil. Baseados na ausência de coletas, 12 espécies mais raras provavelmente estão extintas na região: Janusia occhioni, Butia microspadix, Dyschoriste lavandulacea, Lessingianthus grandiflorus, Convolvulus hasslerianus, Clitoria epetiolata, Rhynchosia lateritia, Clerodendrum ekmanii, Passiflora lepidota, Asemeia hebeclada, Crumenaria polygaloides e Lippia procurrens. Este estudo cita pela primeira vez Jacaranda mutabilis para o estado do Paraná e aponta o único registro de ocorrência já feito no Brasil de Serjania paranensis, espécie endêmica apenas no Paraná. Dentre as espécies exóticas coletadas, 119 são naturalizadas (16 com potencial invasor para o estado do Paraná) e 190 são cultivadas (8 com potencial invasor para o estado do Paraná). Nossos resultados apontam fortemente que os limites definidos pelos pesquisadores Dr. Reinhard Maack (1892-1969) e de Dr. Carlos Vellozo Roderjan (1952) para as unidades fitogeográficas de Campo Mourão já não correspondem a situação atual de distribuição das espécies, pois o que se observa é uma zona de tensão ecológica entre a Floresta Estacional Semidecidual e a Floresta Ombrófila Mista na maioria dos fragmentos. Adicionalmente, podemos observar que a pressão antrópica e a falta de fogo tem sido as principais ameaças para a permanência do Cerrado no município. Este trabalho amplia significativamente a listagem de Hatschbach et al. (2005), de 136 para 368 espécies registradas em áreas de Cerrado de Campo MourãoABSTRACT: Campo Mourão is located in a climatic transition area, featured by a sizeable vegetational diversity containing ecotonal areas between Mixed Ombrophylous Forests (FOM) and Semideciduous Seasonal Forest (FES); Brazilian savana (Cerrado domain) enclaves; areas of pioneer formations with fluvio-lacustrine influence; and, areas with rocky outcrops in the forest interior, making the study of this flora even more important. Indeed, specific studies about the distribution patterns of local and regional vegetation contribute to a better understanding of the distribution patterns of state and national vegetation. Therefore, the main objective of this work is the phytogeographic characterization of the municipality of Campo Mourão as a way to better understand its specific flora and peculiarities. To that end, we carried out a survey of the cataloged species in the database of the SpeciesLink net and Virtual Reflora Herbarium. The survey comprised data from the collections of 49 herbaria. The confirmation of the botanical material was guided by specialized literature, consultation of specialists, or material comparison. As an intermediar result, it was produced a database containing: the voucher to rocky outcrops areas, Brazilian savanna, forests (FES and FOM), Lago Azul State Park (PELA), urban areas, surroundings, and swampy fields; life forms; substrate use; naturalized and cultivated exotic species; and, invasive species; endemic species of the Brazil and Paraná state. As the final result of our survey, we analyzed a total of 4.277 samples to Campo Mourão, representing 1.501 species of vascular plants distributed in 168 families and 806 genera. The richer botanic families were Asteraceae (127 espécies), Fabaceae (138), Poaceae (77) e Euphorbiaceae (53). Considering the origin, 1.187 species are native to Brazil, 79.08% of all cataloged flora of the municipality. Of these, 417 were collected solely in forest areas, 144 species solely in Brazilian savanna areas, 17 species solely in basaltic outcrops, and the remaining ones were collected in more than only one area. Although the most part of the species is forestry, species found in the Brazilian savanna and rocky outcrop call our attention since they are restricted to small areas and tend to be endemic to these environments. The major concentration of gathers is in the areas of the Brazilian savanna and Lago Azul State Park. It is possible to find species from several phytogeographic domains of the country in the Campo Mourão municipality, highlighting to the Atlantic Forest ecoregion and Brazilian savanna. Regarding the threat of extinction, 10 species are classified as "In Danger" and 11 species as "Vulnerable". Despite recent gathering efforts, 29 species are not encountered in the Campo Mourão for more than 50 years and, currently, it presents only rare gathers and restricted distribution in Brazil. Analyzing the absence of gatherings, we considered extinct in the studied region the following 12 rare species: Janusia occhioni, Butia microspadix, Dyschoriste lavandulacea, Lessingianthus grandiflorus, Convolvulus hasslerianus, Clitoria epetiolata, Rhynchosia lateritia, Clerodendrum ekmanii, Passiflora lepidota, Asemeia hebeclada, Crumenaria polygaloides, Lippia procurrens. Still as a relevant result, this work presents the first record of Jacaranda mutabilis for the Paraná state, and also it points to the unique record of occurrence already made in Brazil of Serjania paranensis, a specie endemic only in the Paraná State. Among the exotic species gathered, 119 are naturalized (16 with potential invasive to the Paraná state), and 190 are cultivated (8 with potential invasive to the Paraná state). Our results point strongly that the limits defined Dr. Reinhard Maack (1892-1969) and Dr. Carlos Vellozo Roderjan (1952) to the phytogeographic units of the Campo Mourão no longer match the current situation of the species distribution because it is possible to see a zone of ecologic tension between FES and FOM on most of the fragments. Additionally, we can observe that anthropic pressure and the lack of fire have been the main threat to the permanence of the Brazilian savanna in the municipality. The presented work significantly expands the list of Hatschbach et al. (2005), from 136 species to 368 species recorded in Brazilian savanna areas of Campo Mourão263 f. : il. (algumas col.)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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