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Giblin James & Monson Jamie (dir.), Maji Maji. Lifting the Fog of War
No full textMaupeu Hervé. Giblin James & Monson Jamie (dir.), Maji Maji. Lifting the Fog of War. In: Outre-mers, tome 98, n°370-371, 1er semestre 2011. Le contact colonial dans l'empire français : XIXe-XXe siècles, sous la direction de Maria Romo-Navarrete et Sarah Mohamed-Gaillard . pp. 350-351
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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Deadly silence predominates in the district: the Maji Maji War and its aftermath in Ungoni
No full textNeither “Saviour” nor “Exploiter”: A Historical Study of China’s Medical Assistance in Post-Colonial Tanzania
Get PDFChina’s medical assistance to Africa has attracted relatively little attention from scholars compared to other forms of assistance such as economic and political. “A Historical Study of China’s Medical Assistance in Post-Colonial Tanzania” examines the implications of Chinese assistance in the development of Tanzania’s health sector under the discourse of South-South cooperation. Through the use of archival and other documentary sources collected in Tanzania, China, and Switzerland, as well as oral histories, this study explores how China’s medical assistance reflected the Southern agenda of promoting self-reliance and lessening the dominance of Northern countries in medical aid and knowledge in the South. It illuminates social, economic, and political contexts that gave birth to China’s medical assistance in Tanzania. The study shows that, after the Arusha Declaration of 1967, the Tanzanian government adopted Chinese health policies such as free health care, the institutionalisation of traditional medicine, and rural health care. It argues that the adoption of Chinese health policies contested the conceptions of the production and transmission of knowledge from the North “core” to the South “periphery”. Consequently, the practices of Chinese health policies in Tanzania signal the realisation of knowledge production and exchange from the periphery to the periphery. Indeed, as the study shows, the independent Tanzanian government aspired to become self-dependent. Such endeavours grew in the mid-1960s, following its diplomatic rifts with traditional donors of the North. Under idealistic motives of Southern solidarity, it perceived Chinese aid as a bridge to self-reliance, and indeed, this was the “vision” of the Chinese government as is evident in its foreign aid principles. In the same vein, the Chinese-funded health projects, such as the medical team program, were expected to build the capacity of Tanzania’s health sector through medical knowledge production and exchanges with local medical workers. The Chinese-sponsored pharmaceutical industries were planned to maintain the local production of pharmaceuticals and ensure imports, while traditional Chinese medicine research and treatment projects were expected to boost medical knowledge among local researchers and practitioners. Nevertheless, this study argues that China’s medical assistance to post-colonial Tanzania was hampered by several drawbacks, which affected its efficiency and sustainability, hence failed to realise the country’s anticipated self-reliance. Contrary to the government’s expectations, the assistance created unforeseen dependences on Chinese medical doctors, pharmaceutical raw materials, traditional Chinese medicine, and pharmaceutical technicians sent from China. Findings of this study show that most of the medical projects declined in the absence of Chinese assistance. Such circumstances warrant the conclusion that despite the merits of China’s aid, especially in counteracting the dominance of medical aid and knowledge from the North, its assistance hardly functioned as a sustainable solution to health challenges that faced the Tanzanian government. Admittedly, the medical assistance functioned as a soft way of securing allies during the Cold War era and a vital tool in maintaining China’s political and economic interests
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Manufacturing sameness : continuities and expansions of community identity in Afro-Chinese relations
No full textThis study examined the nature and awareness of, and attitudes toward Chinese nation branding in Africa. Using critical discourse analysis and survey research, the project examines the impact of images and messages indicative of brand-China on attitudes toward China in the Gambia, Kenya, and South Africa; reconstructing the manufacture of China's national imaginary in Africa. By debating the significance of these images to China's continued rise on the continent, the author hopes to prompt a reconsideration of the discursive power mechanisms exercised in and through national image making in Africa. The argument established is that national imaginary constructions serve as part of the "strategy, substance, and symbolic action" of strategic self-presentation, and thus, African leaders and individuals should pay more attention to performative practices states engage in as, first, national imaginary constructions and, second, as strategies of presentation in the world. This study is located within the general body of scholarship that constitutes Black or Africana Studies, with a specific focus on Afro-Chinese relations. It contributes to this body of scholarship by focusing on how historical and contemporary relations between the Gambia, Kenya, and South Africa, and China fit within a trajectory of African interactions with and response to engagement with foreign nations. -- Abstract.Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. African American and African Studies, 2018Includes bibliographical references (pages 238-265
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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