1,720,985 research outputs found
Fare ricerca educativa in museo. I visitatori bambini come interlocutori nella progettazione museale. Educative research in museums. Kid-visitors contribute to design the museum
No full textScience museum is an institution open to the public to promote culture and heritage, and to develop citizen’s science skills. Therefore, science museum offers activities for different categories of publics, included children, who represent an high percentage of the visitors. It contributes to develop science literacy in children, by using different approaches to meet their styles of learning and to answer their educational needs and expectations. The paper presents the research we carried out in the Natural History and Archaeology Museum of Montebelluna TV, Italy. More specifically, we want to present how we assessed background information about children perceptions, expectations and interests regarding science museum. This front-end evaluation activity was functional for the Institution to best answer children’s educational needs in order to design a new museum area, and it also helped the Museum to plan new science communication strategies that might be implemented in the new area
Etude comparée de trois paysages karstiques :Monica Celi, coord. scient. : Etude comparée de trois paysages karstiques = Three cultural karstic landscapes : Montello, Méailles et la région d'Annot et Udin boršt, 2005
No full textGauchon Christophe. Etude comparée de trois paysages karstiques :Monica Celi, coord. scient. : Etude comparée de trois paysages karstiques = Three cultural karstic landscapes : Montello, Méailles et la région d'Annot et Udin boršt, 2005. In: Karstologia : revue de karstologie et de spéléologie physique, n°47, 1er semestre 2006. Hommage à Marian Pulina et Sédiments lacustres dans les grottes de Choranche. p. 60
Revision on the effects of an entomopathogen bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis on the immune response of Red Palm Weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus), is it a question of gender?
Full text link1 Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italia; 2 Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Italia
Il punteruolo rosso, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier 1790) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) fitofago infestante delle palme e Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) parassita delle arnie, sono stati utilizzati come modelli per approfondire le conoscenze della relazione ospite-nematode entomopatogeno.
Gli effetti del nematode entomopatogeno Steinernema carpocapsae (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) sull'immuno attività delle larve di R. ferrugineus e di G. mellonella, sono stati messi a confronto. E’ stata anche valutata la capacità di completare il ciclo vitale di S. carpocapsae nei due insetti.
Sebbene S. carpocapsae sia efficace nel controllo biologico del punteruolo rosso, non è tuttavia in grado di completare il suo ciclo all’interno dell’ospite, mentre lo stesso nematode si riproduce con successo in G. mellonella.
Sulla base di precedenti dati di laboratorio e sulla revisione sistematica della letteratura, gli effetti indotti dal nematode sulla risposta immunitaria del Coleottero e del Lepidottero, sono stati comparati. In particolare sono stati analizzati: la popolazione emocitaria immunocompetente (numero e tipi cellulari), l’attività del sistema profenolossidasi-fenolossidasi (proPO) e infine è stata valutata l’inibizione e proliferazione del batterio simbionte Gram negativo Xenorhabdus nematophila (Enterobacteraceae).Since their discovery, bioinsecticides based on Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have demonstrated targeted insect control with minimal environmental impact. Understanding the biology of insect pests, as well as interac- tions with pathogens and immune systems, can help to enhance their effect within these interactions.
On the basis of previous laboratory data and a systematic literature review we analyzed the effects induced by the entomopathogen bacteria Bt, on red palm weevil (RPW), an highly invasive pest of palms that had a significant economic, environmental and social impact when introduced into Italy. The bacteria-induced effects on physiology, immune response and stress answers in the RPW. Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) were considered. Previously a Bt strain, commercialized against another family of Coleopters, was found to be a potential pathogen of RPW. Data showed that Bt interacts negatively with the growth and the vitality of RPW moreover with hemocytes of R. ferrugineus whose numbers decreased drastically in the hemolymph both in total number and in type. In particular, we focused on the Bt stress- induced infections considering the genders and the instars. The interaction between Bt and RPW hemocytes was analyzed by evaluating the expression heat shock proteins (HSPs) particularly HSP70 in the supernatant of the hemocyte lysate obtained from larvae and adults. HSPs are rapidly synthesized in the cells after stress exposition including infection by pathogens. The western blot analysis, showed that the HSP70 expression was modulated in the time (3h, 6h, 12h, 19, 24h) in the response to Bt treatment, highlighting that Bt is a stress factor for the larvae but also for adults. The protein expression was increased approximately seven times after 3 hours from treatment and after 6 hours it returning to control value. Data show difference in how males and females invest in Bt infection answer. Our data on immunity support the theory that males choose investment in reproduction over investment in immunity. In fact, B. thuringiensis-induced mortality data show the effect that females mount a stronger immune response and they also suffer lower mortality
Does the immune answer to Bacillus thuringiensis infection is the same in larvae, females and males of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus?
No full textBacillus thuringiensis (Bt) è considerato un potenziale batterio entomopatogeno per la lotta al
Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, coleottero da quarantena infestante le palme. In questo lavoro si considerano gli effetti dell’infezione di Bt in larve, maschi e femmine del punteruolo rosso. La patogenicità è stata valutata stimando la LD50 (Lethal Median Dose) e la LT50 (Lethal Median Time), il numero totale di emociti ed il tipo di emociti (Differential Haemocytes counts) ed inoltre l’espressione delle proteine Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) negli emociti e nel cerebro. La mortalità di entrambi i sessi e delle larve aumentava all’aumentare della dose e del tempo di esposizione. Tuttavia le larve hanno mostrato una maggiore mortalità, quasi doppia di quella degli adulti, mentre i valori di LT50 erano superiori nelle femmine rispetto ai maschi e alle larve. Trattamenti con dosi sub letali di Bt inducevano un decremento nel numero di emociti sia per larve che per gli adulti. Nelle larve, tuttavia, vi era un incremento dei plasmatociti e un decremento di enociti e sferulociti. Nelle femmine invece diminuivano tutti i tipi di emociti mentre nei maschi diminuiva il numero di plasmatociti ed incrementava quello dei granulociti. La risposta fisiologica alla infezione da Bt è stata valutata anche mediante la modulazione delle HSP70 negli emociti, mostrando che già dopo 3 ore
dall’ingestione di Bt, si poteva notare un incremento delle stesse. Nel cerebro il massimo picco di
modulazione delle HSP70 si è registrato a 6 ore dall’ingestione. I risultati confermano che il Bt induce uno stato di patogenesi nel punteruolo rosso sia negli adulti che nelle larve già a poche ore dall’ingestione tuttavia gli effetti sono diversi come livello e tipo di risposta.Bacillus thuringiensisis considered a potential useful entomopathogen of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus(RPW), a quarantine pest that attacks the palm trees. We compare the effects of Bt in mature larvae, females and males. The pathogenicity activity of Bt was evaluated estimating: Median Lethal Dose (LD50), Median Lethal Time (LT50), and Total Haemocytes Count (THC) and Differential Haemocytes count (DHC), and finally the expression of the stress protein Heat Shock Protein 70 in the haemocytes and in the brains. RPW mortality exhibited a positive trend with the dosage and duration of exposure to Bt. The larvae were more susceptible than adults and the LD50 of females was even the double value of the one of larvae. Similarly, the LT50 value was higher for females than males and larvae. Treatment with sub-lethal dose of Bt induces a decrement in THC in larvae, females, and males. In treated larvae plasmatocytes decrease while oenocytes and spherulocytes increase. In treated females all type of haemocytes decrease, while in males the number of plasmatocytes decreases and the granulocytes increase. We also registered the stress answer directly on hemocytes, showing that already at 3, hours after eating Bt, it modulates the expression of the stress protein Hsp 70. This effect was also observed in the brain tissue at 6 hours after treatment.
The results confirm that the Bt treatment induces a pathogenic state in RPW larvae and adult of both genders, that answer only after few hours from ingestion, however, the effects are different in magnitude and in type of target. The highlights can be useful to understand better the relationship pathogen-host and to implement the integrated control of phytophagous
I nuovi percorsi educativi della Rete Italiana dei Musei Universitari
Full text linkmusei di otto Università della Rete Italiana dei Musei Universitari (Bari, Chieti-Pescara, Ferrara, Firenze, “La Sapienza” Roma, Perugia, Siena e Tuscia, a cui si sono aggiunti due grandi musei, il Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino e i Musei Civici di Reggio Emilia), coordinati dall’Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, sperimentano nuovi percorsi educativi combinando l’approccio dell’educazione scolastica di impronta generalista con quella universitaria, altamente specialistica, sperimentale e tecnicamente avanzata. Il progetto vuole promuovere la cultura scientifica nelle IV e V classi delle scuole superiori, anche attraverso un migliore utilizzo dei laboratori scientifici e di strumenti multimediali, coinvolgendole con iniziative capaci di favorire la comunicazione con il mondo della ricerca e della produzione scientifica, così da far crescere una diffusa consapevolezza sull’importanza della scienza e della tecnologia per la vita quotidiana e per lo sviluppo sostenibile della societàThe new integrated educational paths of the Italian University Museums Network The museums of eight Universities of the Italian University Museums Network (Bari, Chieti-Pescara, Ferrara, Florence, “La Sapienza” in Rome, Perugia, Siena, Tuscia, to which were added two large museums, the Regional Natural Sciences of Turin and Reggio Emilia City Museums), coordinated by University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, experiment new educational programs that combine school education generalist approach with University education, highly specialized, experimental and technically advanced. The project aims to promote scientific culture in the IV and V high school classes, also through a better use of scientific laboratories and multimedia tools. The classes will be involved with initiatives to encourage communication with the world of research and scientific production, in order to raise widespread awareness of the importance of science and technology for everyday life and for sustainable development of society.Key words: museum education, museum network, time, color, biodiversit
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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