1,720,986 research outputs found
ON THE COSTS OF CIRCULARITY STRATEGIES: ENVIRONMENTAL LIFE CYCLE COSTING OF GLASS BOTTLE
No full textEnsuring sustainable consumption and production patterns is one of the 17
Global Goals set in the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The
shift towards sustainable production and consumption patterns requires decoupling
economic growth from resource constraints, i.e. a circular economy. The circular
economy provides an alternative to the linear take-make-waste economic system, being
an industrial system that is restorative or regenerative by intention and design.
Packaging represents a large share of the material flows for many materials, therefore
in a circular economy high priority is given to the packaging sector and to packaging
waste management.
Glass is one of the most effectively recycled materials in Europe. In 2014 the
average glass recycling rate in the EU28 zone was equal to 74%. The majority of such
glass goes back into making new packaging: glass stands alone as the most closed loop
recycled food and drink packaging in the EU and in the world. However, recycling is not
the only circularity strategy that applies to beverage glass, since also reuse can be an
option, depending on the packaging waste collection system.
Two different glass packaging systems are considered in the present study: the
city of Bologna (IT) and the city of Copenhagen (DK). The main differences between
the two systems are the options to recover glass bottle and the waste collection system.
In Bologna, only one-way glass packaging is used and the glass packaging waste
fraction is collected as part of the glass-metals fraction and sent to recycling. In
Denmark, including Copenhagen, both refillable glass bottles and one-way bottles are
sold. There is a deposit-return system (named DRS, Dansk Retursystem) that manages
the collection of one-way and refillable packaging using a refundable deposit.
We performed an environmental Life Cycle Costing (eLCC) of the production,
purchasing and waste management of glass beer bottles in the two cities. Three main
perspectives were considered: producers, consumers and waste management
operators, with the aim to compare the economic performances of the two systems and
to identify potential cost reductions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
LCA applicata al trattamento e alla gestione dei rifiuti
No full textLo studio mira ad individuare quali sono le possibili specificità e finalità dell’applicazione della metodologia LCA al settore dei rifiuti, attraverso la descrizione di casi applicativi
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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