1,721,016 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The role of the State in the doctrinal construction of administrative law
No full textS'intéresser à l'Etat dans la construction doctrinale du droit administratif suppose de se pencher sur les rapports qu'ont entretenu les administrativistes avec l'Etat depuis la naissance de la discipline, au début du XIXe siècle. La période s'étendant de 1804 à 1870 révèle à quel point les administrativistes de cette époque sont porteurs d'une pensée d'Etat : grâce au droit administratif, ils parviennent à légitimer tant le modèle étatique que le pouvoir en place. Ils justifient l'Etat tel qu'il existe alors, à savoir un Etat administratif et instituteur du social, peu soucieux des libertés. Leur étatisme-libéral, qui consiste à défendre les intérêts de l'Etat avant ceux des individus, oeuvre en ce sens. Cela change toutefois à la fin du XIXe siècle avec l'avènement de la IIIe République, qui souffle un nouveau vent libéral dans la doctrine. Celle ci s'attache alors à penser l'Etat de façon théorique voire, pour certains auteurs, à ériger une véritable théorie de l'Etat. Pour autant, il ne faut pas s'y tromper: les administrativistes du XXe siècle ne rompent pas totalement avec ceux du siècle passé. Si leur pensée d'Etat a bien disparu, leur discours n'est toutefois pas dépourvu d'une forme de légitimation du modèle étatique. Ils restent en cela porteurs d'un certain libéral-étatisme, c'est à dire d'un libéralisme non pas contre l'Etat, mais par l'Etat.To examine the role of the State in the doctrinal construction of administrative law, it is necessary to look into the relations between the administrative law scholars and the State since their discipline's birth, at the beginning of the 19th century. The period stretching from 1804 to 1870 shows how strongly this era's administrative scholars carry an idea of the State: through administrative law, they manage to legitimise the model of the State as well as the ruling power. They justify the State as it exists then, namely an administrative State hardly concerned about personal liberties. Their Liberal Statism, which consists of defending the interests of the State before the individuals' ones, works in this direction. This however changes at the end of the 19th century with the 3rd Republic, which breathes a fresh wind of liberalism into the doctrine. From 1870 to 1930, this doctrine then endeavours to think theoretically of the State and even, for some authors, to erect a true theory of the State. That said, the 20st century administrative law scholars do not totally break with those of the century before. If their thinking of the State has truly gone, their thought is not without a form of legitimisation of the model of the State. They keep on carrying on a certain form of Statist Liberalism, i. e. a form of liberalism which is not against the State, but by the State
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The legal category of rights and liberties
No full textAux premiers abords, l’étude des droits et libertés apparaît éclatée, leur conception varie selon les dénominations retenues – droits de l’Homme, libertés publiques, droits et libertés fondamentaux – sans qu’aucune définition arrêtée ne puisse être proposée. En outre, dans chacune de ces approches, les droits et libertés restent divisés, soit que certains sont exclus des catégories précédemment évoquées, soit qu’en leur sein des oppositions demeurent, telles que celle établie entre les « droits-libertés » et les « droits-créances ». L’intérêt de les regrouper au sein d’une seule catégorie, dont la dénomination se veut neutre, est de permettre le décloisonnement des droits et libertés ; de mettre à plat les oppositions traditionnellement retenues. L’étude est guidée par l’idée d’établir l’unité d’un système tout en reconnaissant sa complexité interne. Dans ce cadre et à partir des évolutions du droit positif, il est possible de développer une approche systémique de droits et libertés, où leur pluralité de contenu se mêle à une unité catégorielle. C’est donc à une quête de cohérence des droits et libertés que le sujet invite. D’une part, une cohérence interne par une recherche des caractéristiques communes à l’ensemble des droits et libertés, et ce dans l’esprit de dégager une définition générale des « parties » composant la catégorie. D’autre part, une cohérence externe afin de tracer les frontières de la catégorie, pour la distinguer d’autres catégories de droits mais aussi pour en saisir les effets juridiques, tant au niveau contentieux qu’au niveau de l’organisation du système juridique lui-même.At first, the study of rights and liberties seems scattered, their conception changes according to the names chosen – Human rights, public liberties, fundamental rights – without any fixed definition being proposed. Furthermore, in each of these approaches, rights and liberties remain divided, either because certain of them are excluded from the categories previously mentioned, or because within them oppositions remain, such as that established between “liberties-rights” and “social-rights”. The interest of grouping them together within a single category, the name of which is meant to be neutral, is of allowing the decompartmentalization of rights and liberties; to lay down the oppositions traditionally retained. The study is guided by the idea of establishing the unity of a system while recognizing its internal complexity. In this context and from changes in positive law, it is possible to develop a systemic approach to rights and liberties, where their plurality of content is mixed with a categorial unity. It is therefore a quest for consistency of rights and liberties that the subject proposes. On the one hand, internal consistency through a search for characteristics common to all rights and liberties, in the spirit of establishing a general definition of the "parts" making up the category. On the other hand, an external coherence in order to draw the boundaries of the category, to distinguish it from other categories of rights but also to understand their legal effects, both at the contentious level and at the level of the organization of the legal system himself
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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