1,720,953 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Studies on tear evaporation and ocular surface temperature
No full textIntroduction
Evaporative Dry Eye (EDE), the most prevalent subtype of Dry Eye Disease (DED), is primarily driven by excessive tear loss from the ocular surface due to deficiencies in the tear film’s lipid layer. Accurate and repeatable measurement of Tear Evaporation Rate (TER) and related ocular surface parameters, such as Ocular Surface Temperature (OST), Lipid Layer Thickness (LLT), and Non-Invasive Tear Break-Up Time (NITBUT) is essential for understanding tear film instability and guiding clinical decision-making. However, measurement variability, lack of standardized protocols, and limitations in existing instrumentation have hindered the adoption of TER and OST assessment in routine practice. This thesis addresses these challenges through a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments aimed at quantifying tear film dynamics and optimizing measurement methodologies.
Overall Aims
The primary aim of this research was to characterize tear evaporation and ocular surface thermal behavior under a range of physiological and controlled conditions. This thesis specifically sought to:
1. Quantify the evaporation rates of distilled water versus an aqueous artificial tear solution (TheraTears®) in vitro.
2. Assess how changes in exposed ocular surface area and LLT affect TER using model eyes.
3. Investigate the effect of lipid-based artificial tears on LLT, TER, and NITBUT in vivo (PHASE I).
4. Optimize OST measurement parameters using ResearchIR software to improve accuracy and reproducibility.
5. Examine regional variation in OST and blink-related cooling profiles in vivo (PHASE II).
6. Integrate in vitro and in vivo findings to build a comprehensive model of tear film dynamics with implications for EDE diagnosis.
Methods and Materials
The experiments were conducted using custom-built and commercially available devices. In vitro studies used aluminum model eyes with varied surface areas and lipid layer simulations (via CALMO® Eye Spray) to evaluate their effect on TER, measured using the Waterloo Evaporimeter. In vivo studies were performed on healthy participants using the LipiView® II interferometer, OCULUS Keratograph® 5M, and FLIR A655sc thermal camera integrated with ResearchIR software. Data collection included real-time measurements of TER, LLT, NITBUT, and OST, with particular focus on blink-related cooling and temperature gradient analysis. Each experiment followed standardized protocols for blink control, Region of Interest (ROI) selection, and repeatability validation. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, with significance set at p < 0.05.
Results
In vitro results demonstrated no significant difference in TER between distilled water and TheraTears®, suggesting that aqueous-based artificial tears do not provide meaningful evaporative protection. These findings also confirm that both distilled water and TheraTears® may be used interchangeably in laboratory-based evaporation studies where lipid content is not a critical variable. In contrast, increasing LLT using CALMO® spray led to a marked reduction in TER, and model eyes with larger surface areas consistently exhibited higher evaporation rates. In vivo, lipid eye drop instillation produced a significant increase in LLT, a prolongation of NITBUT, and a decrease in TER. OST monitoring revealed distinct blink-related cooling patterns, particularly in eyes with thinner lipid layers. Optimized OST protocols using ResearchIR improved temporal resolution and reproducibility across participants. Phase II confirmed consistent regional temperature variability and strong correlations between LLT, TER, and post-blink cooling.
Conclusions
This research confirms that LLT and ocular surface area are critical determinants of TER. Non-lipid formulations, such as TheraTears®, are ineffective in limiting TER, while lipid-based interventions significantly improve tear film stability both thermally and structurally. OST can be used as a reliable, non-invasive surrogate for assessing tear film dynamics when measured with optimized protocols. The Waterloo Evaporimeter and ResearchIR-enabled thermography provide robust, reproducible platforms for studying tear evaporation and cooling responses. These findings support a multimodal diagnostic approach integrating TER, LLT, NITBUT, and OST for the evaluation and management of EDE
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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