1,721,048 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The human gut microbiome and its dysfunctions through the meta-omics prism
No full textThe microorganisms inhabiting the human gut are abundant (1014 cells) and diverse (approximately 500 species per individual). It is nowacknowledged that the microbiota has coevolved with its host to achieve a symbiotic relationship, leading to physiological homeostasis. The gut microbiota ensures vital functions, such as food digestibility, maturation of the host immune system, and protection against pathogens. Over the last few decades, the gut microbiota has also been associated with numerous diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, obesity, and metabolic diseases. In most of these pathologies, a microbial dysbiosis has been found, indicating shifts in the taxonomic composition of the gut microbiota and changes in its functionality. Our understanding of the influence of the gut microbiota on human health is still growing. Working with microorganisms residing in the gut is challenging since most of them are anaerobic and a vast majority (approximately 75%) are uncultivable to date. Recently, a wide range of new approaches (meta-omics) has been developed to bypass the uncultivability and reveal the intricate mechanisms that sustain gut microbial homeostasis. After a brief description of these approaches (metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics, and metabolomics), this review will discuss the importance of considering the gut microbiome as a structured ecosystem and the use of meta-omics to decipher dysfunctions of the gut microbiome in diseases
Etude des spécificités phylogénétiques et fonctionnelles du microbiote intestinal de patients atteints de la maladie de Crohn
No full textLa maladie de Crohn (MC) est une maladie inflammatoire chronique de l'intestin d'étiologie mal caractérisée. A ce jour, plusieurs travaux incriminent le microbiote intestinal dans l'initiation et/ou l'entretien de l'état inflammatoire de la maladie. Au niveau phylogénétique, nous avons mis en évidence ou confirmer, que des espèces bactériennes étaient particulièrement associées au statut sain (R. bromii, O. valericigenes, B. et E. rectale) alors que d'autres étaient spécifiques de la MC (E. faecium, E. faecalis et E. coli). Au niveau fonctionnel, l'analyse des capacités génétiques (métagénomique) et des fonctions exprimés (métatranscriptomique) par les bactéries associées aux compartiments luminal et mucosal de l'intestin dans le contexte de la MC, nous a permis de mettre en évidence : une distribution similaire des genres bactériens entre compartiments luminal et mucosal ; des voies biologiques spécifiquement associées à chacun des compartiments , un faible recouvrement entre les données de métatranscriptomique et de métagénomique.Crohn's disease is inflammatory bowel disease with a mischaracterized aetiology. Nowadays, many publications point out the intestinal microbiota as a required precursor for the initiation and the perpetuation of the inflammation throughout the gastrointestinal tract. From phylogenetic studies, our results showed that some species were associated with the healthy status (R. bromii, O. valericigenes, B. bifidum and E. rectale) when others were associated with the disease (E. faecium, E. faecalis and E. coli). From functional studies, analysis of the luminal and mucosal microbiota genetic capabilities by metagenomic and metatranscriptomic has enabled us to show : a great similary in the phylogenentic distribution of bacterial genus between the luminal and the mucosal compartments ; many biological pathways differntially represented between the two compartment ; a low overlap between the metatranscriptomic data and metagenomic data.CHATENAY M.-PARIS 11-BU Pharma. (920192101) / SudocSudocFranceF
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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