1,720,961 research outputs found
CAMBIAMENTO CLIMATICO E TABACCO: UNA REVISIONE SISTEMATICA DELL’IMPATTO AMBIENTALE DELLA PIÙ GRANDE DIPENDENZA AL MONDO
No full textNegli anni sono stati pubblicati numerosi studi scientifici sulle conseguenze del fumo sulla salute, mentre sono
pochi quelli che analizzano l’impatto ambientale del tabacco, come il consumo d’acqua, la deforestazione, l’inquinamento da pesticidi e i rifiuti.
Il tabacco deve essere considerato come una minaccia importante nella lotta al cambiamento climatico.
L’obiettivo di questa revisione è portare all’attenzione del mondo scientifico un argomento di grande attualità e
poco considerato.
La ricerca è stata effettuata sulle banche dati Pubmed, Scopus e Web of Science, tramite una stringa contenente parole chiave riguardanti cambiamento climatico e fumo di sigaretta/e-cigarette/prodotti a tabacco riscaldato (HTPs).
Sono stati considerati tutti i tipi di studio, senza filtro sulla lingua o sul periodo temporale.
La ricerca ha prodotto 1584 articoli che, dopo l’eliminazione dei doppioni e degli articoli non pertinenti tramite la
valutazione di titolo e abstract, ha portato a valutare 17 full-text, cui si sono aggiunti altri 5 full-text a seguito di
ricerche esterne alla stringa.
Dopo la lettura dei full-text si è giunti ad una selezione finale di 15 articoli inclusi nella revisione sistematica.
Dall’analisi preliminare degli studi è emersa una sostanziale disomogeneità nei dati riportati e una difficoltà nel
reperire dati quantitativi, in particolar modo in riferimento ai HTPs e alle e-cigarette, che non fossero forniti da Big
Tobacco.
Nello specifico Philip Morris International e British American Tobacco riferiscono di aver ridotto le loro emissioni
rispettivamente del 24% (2010-2015) e 47% (2000-2019), senza tuttavia riportare i dati su cui si basano queste
valutazioni. Nonostante ciò, ad oggi si stima che l’industria del tabacco produca ogni anno 16 milioni di tonnellate
di CO2 e il 5% delle emissioni mondiali di gas serra.
Ogni anno vengono abbattuti 600 milioni di alberi per produrre sigarette. Considerando solo i rifiuti post-consumo, i filtri buttati sono passati da 175.000 a 766.000 tonnellate dal 2015 al 2020, mentre il packaging produce 2
milioni di tonnellate di rifiuti ogni anno, più di quelli derivanti dalle bottiglie di plastica (1,8 milioni di tonnellate
all’anno).
I dati raccolti finora, già preoccupanti, rappresentano una probabile sottostima del problema, implicando la necessità di ulteriori studi scientifici sul tema, anche ai fini di una corretta valutazione dell’impatto ambientale dell’industria del tabacco, che è nota per operazioni di greenwashing.
Come il tabagismo viene considerato un’emergenza sanitaria, dovremmo considerare le conseguenze della produzione di tabacco un’emergenza ambientale
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Covid-19 vaccination adherence and correlated factors in patients with substance use disorders
No full textkoamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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