1,721,093 research outputs found
Special Issue: The Hoslteinian period in Europe (MIS 11-9)
No full textThe workshop organized by the UISPP at Burgos in 2014 by M. Arzarello, M-H. Moncel, C. Peretto and A-M. Moigne by the Univer- sity of Ferrara (Italy) and the Department of Prehistory of the Na- tional Museum of Natural History aimed to focus on the MIS 11-9 time period. Bifacial technology is attested from 1.4 Ma in the Levant and emerged in Western Europe from 900 to 700 ka.. Apart from some evidence of a local origin, this new technical behaviour is commonly related to the dispersal of Homo heidelbergensis in Europe, despite anatomic variability, perhaps pointing towards a diversity of hominins in Europe.
Some H. heidelbergensis fossils are also included in this category in spite of the fact that they already show Neanderthal features (stem group)
Moncel M.-H. (1999) - Les assemblages lithiques du site pléistocène moyen d'Orgnac 3
No full textJaubert Jacques. Moncel M.-H. (1999) - Les assemblages lithiques du site pléistocène moyen d'Orgnac 3. In: Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française, tome 98, n°2, 2001. pp. 339-340
Conditioning of the raw materials on discoid exploitation strategies during the Early Middle Palaeolithic: the example of Payre level D (South-East France)
No full textIn the last decades, a growing attention was paid toward the exploitation of other lithic raw materials than flint. In this context, the lithic assemblage of Payre level D, dated to the end of the MIS 6, offers the opportunity to make some considerations about the modalities of a discoid technology on various lithic raw materials. Payre is a very well-known Middle Palaeolithic site located on the right edge of the Middle Rhône valley. Three main archaeological levels attest an intense human frequentation of the site between the end of MIS 8 and the beginning of MIS 5. The rich faunal and lithic assemblages, recovered during systematic excavations from 1990 to 2002, have been deeply analysed for a precise understanding of the site formation processes and the modalities of the human occupation of the area. The exploitation of different local and semi-local raw materials made Payre an interesting case to observe how lithic resources with different petrographic characteristics were exploited by the Neanderthal groups. The present work aims to observe how the lithic raw materials have affected the discoid reduction sequences. This knapping method is widely attested in archaeological level D, the last large phase of human occupation at Payre. Among the different raw materials exploited (flint, vein quartz, quartzite, basalt and limestone), the discoid method is just applied on flint and vein quartz. The new technological analysis carried out focuses for the first time on the characteristics of the discoid technology present in level D and on the differences in discoid reduction sequences depending on the raw materials. The results indicate some expedients used to apply discoid reduction strategies on vein quartz and adapt this technology to the features of a coarse-grained stone. The use of such expedients testifies a large capability to manage not only the raw materials but also of the discoid method itself. Results allow to make considerations on some of the criteria proper to the technological definition of the method
The Acheulean open site of La Garde (Loire). Remarks on a lithic assemblage between Rhône and Loire
No full texthe lithic assemblage of La Garde offers the opportunity to observe a Final Acheulean series located in the Loire department (south-east France). The site was probably a multi-activity place asking large tools and flakes, according to the strategies used by humans. Three main categories of large bifacial tools mainly made of flint can be described, with a triangular or oval shape and with a transversal cutting edge. These tools are more bifacial-tools than bifaces through the kind of shaping and the retouches on the cutting edges. The Levallois flaking is associated to various other types of knapping. The site, located along a small valley, suggests a human circulating between the Saône-Rhône corridor and the interior basins of the Massif Central Mountains. The Rhodanian corridor yielded little evidence of Acheulean settlements while in the Centre of France, they are numerous. La Garde proves that systematic prospecting in this area will permit in future to complete the map of the Acheulean occupations in south-east France
Aires d’approvisionement en matières premières lithiques et en ressources alimentaires : peut on parler d’approche intégrée ?
No full textWidespread diffusion of technical innovations around 300,000 years ago in Europe as a reflection of anthropological and social transformations? New comparative data from the western Mediterranean sites of Orgnac (France) and Cave dall'Olio (Italy).
No full textDuring MIS (Marine Isotope Stage) 9 and the transition to MIS 8 – around 350–300,000 years ago – some
lithic assemblages in Europe reflect marked transformations in technical behavior. These transformations
involved the standardization of products and the development of diversified and elaborated débitage
methods which are considered to be markers of the transition from the Lower to the Middle Palaeolithic
i.e. from Mode 2 to Mode 3. Taking the analysis of the sites of Orgnac 3 (Ardèche, France) and Cave dall’Olio
(Emilia Romagna, Italy) as a starting point, this paper discusses the variability of these assemblages
in Southern Europe as well as the social and anthropological implications of the emergence of new technical
behavior. It also aims to show that common features existed both in Northern and Southern Europe.
The development of more complex technical systems on a progressively wider territory and at an increasingly
earlier age argues in favor of the hypothesis of a close connection with the process of ‘‘Neanderthalisation’’,
possibly accompanied by the transmission of ideas through extensive social networks
Tracking behavioral persistence and innovations during the Middle Pleistocene in Western Europe. Shift in occupations between 700 and 450 ka at la Noira site (Centre, France)
No full textSome areas in Western Europe indicate hiatuses in human occupations, which cannot be systematically attributed to taphonomic factors and poor site preservation. The site of la Noira in the center of France records two occupation phases with a significant time gap. The older one is dated to around 700 ka (stratum a) with an Acheulean assemblage, among the earliest in Western Europe, and the upper phase of the sequence (stratum c) is dated to ca. 450 ka. Humans left the area at around 670 ka, at the beginning of the marine isotope stage (MIS) 16 glacial stage, when cold conditions became too severe. No sites between 650 and 450 ka have yet been discovered in the center region despite systematic surveys over the past three decades. The archaeological evidence indicates that populations returned to the area, at the end of MIS 12 or the beginning of the long interglacial MIS 11. Here, we use technological behaviors common to the two levels of la Noira—strata a and c to evaluate their differences. Compared to other key European sequences, this site can be used to address the evolution of the behavioral strategies in Europe between MIS 17 and 11. We formulate two hypotheses concerning the human settlement of this area: (1) local behavioral evolution over time of populations occasionally occupying the region when the climate was favorable or (2) dispersal and arrival of new populations from other areas. The results focus on (1) changes in land-use patterns with the extension of the territory used by hominins in the upper level, (2) the introduction of new core technologies, including some evidence of early Levallois debitage, and (3) more intensive shaping of bifaces and bifacial tools. Results attest that the la Noira archaeological assemblages record similar regional behavioral evolution as observed at a larger scale in Europe
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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