1,721,027 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Codes and subtraction and pursuit games in graphs
No full textLes codes identifiants ont été introduits en 1998 par Karpovsky, Chakrabarty et Levitin. Un code identifiant est un sous-graphe tel que chaque sommet est identifié de manière unique par les sommets du code qui l'entourent. Il existe plusieurs variantes de ces codes, dont notamment une version colorée dans laquelle les sommets sont identifiés par les couleurs dans leur voisinage. Dans cette thèse, nous cherchons en particulier à construire un cycle le plus grand possible qui admette une coloration identifiante, étant donné un nombre de couleurs fixé. Nous avons aussi étudié le problème des codes identifiants sur une classe particulière de graphes orientés : les tournois. Dans une seconde partie, nous avons aussi étudié deux jeux particuliers. Le premier est une généralisation des jeux octaux - qui se jouent normalement sur un tas - aux graphes. Plus précisemment, le jeu 0.33 ; chaque joueur peut retirer un ou deux sommets voisins d'un graphe, sans déconnecter ce dernier. Le premier qui ne peut plus jouer perd. Nous avons été capable de caractériser les issues de ce jeu dans des classes de graphes particulières, les étoiles subdivisées et les bi-étoiles subdivisées. Le second jeu est appelé le jeu du Pompier (Firefighter). Il consiste à arrêter un feu qui se propage dans un graphe en protégeant des sommets à chaque tour. Nous avons résolu une conjecture sur ce jeu, et introduit la version online, pour laquelle nous avons pu donner des résultats d'approximation.Identifying codes were introduced in 1998 by Karpovsky, Chakrabarty and Levitin. An identifying code is a subgraph such that each vertex is uniquely identified by the vertices in its neighborhood. There are several variants of these codes, including a colored version where the vertices are identified by the colors in their neighborhood. In this phd, we want to build an identifying coloring of a large cycle, given a fixed number of colors. We also studied identified codes in a certain class of oriented graphs: tournaments. We have also studied some topics in the game theory. The first one is a generalization of octal games, where we play on a graph instead of a heap. More precisely, the 0.33 game; each player can remove one or two vertices in a graph, with no disconnection allowed. The first player who cannot play loses. We studied this game in some graph classes: subdivided stars and subdivided bistars. The other game is called the Firefighter game. It's a one player game, where this one wants to contain a spreading fire in a graph. We solved a conjecture about this game, and introduced the online version of the game, for which we found some approximation results
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Logical Analysis of Data : Structures and Optimization
No full textCette thèse porte sur des problèmes d'exploration de données avec le point de vue de la recherche opérationnelle. L'exploration de données consiste en l'apprentissage de nouvelles connaissances à partir d'observations contenues dans une base de données. La nature des problèmes rencontrés dans ce domaine est proche de celle des problèmes de la recherche opérationnelle: grandes instances, objectifs complexes et difficulté algorithmique. L'exploration de données peut aussi se modéliser comme un problème d'optimisation avec un objectif partiellement connu. Cette thèse se divise en deux parties. La première est une introduction à l'exploration de données. Elle présente l'Analyse Combinatoire de Données (ACD), une méthode d'exploration de données issue de l'optimisation discrète. Cette méthode est appliquée à des données médicales originales et une extension aux problèmes d'analyse de temps de survie est proposée. L'analyse de temps de survie consiste à modéliser le temps avant un événement (typiquement un décès ou une rechute). Les heuristiques proposées utilisent des techniques classiques de recherche opérationnelle telles que la programmation linéaire en nombres entiers, la décomposition de problème, des algorithmes gloutons. La seconde partie est plus théorique et s'intéresse à deux problèmes combinatoires rencontrés dans le domaine de l'exploration de données. Le premier est un problème de partitionnement de graphes en sous-graphes denses pour l'apprentissage non supervisé. Nous montrons la complexité algorithmique de ce problème et nous proposons un algorithme polynomial basé sur la programmation dynamique lorsque le graphe est un arbre. Cet algorithme repose sur des résultats de la théorie des couplages. Le second problème est une généralisation des problèmes de couverture par les tests pour la sélection d'attributs. Les lignes d'une matrice sont coloriées en deux couleurs. L'objectif est de trouver un sous-ensemble minimum de colonnes tel que toute paire de lignes avec des couleurs différentes restent distinctes lorsque la matrice est restreinte au sous-ensemble de colonnes. Nous montrons des résultats de complexité ainsi que des bornes serrées sur la taille des solutions optimales pour différentes structures de matrices.This thesis focuses on some data mining problems with an operations research point of view. Data mining is the process of learning new knowledge from large datasets. The problems in this field are close to the ones encountered in operations research: Large instances, complex objectives and algorithmic difficulty. Moreover, learning knowledge from a dataset can be viewed as a particular optimization problem with a partially known objective function. This thesis is divided into two main parts. The first part starts with an introduction to data mining. Then it presents a specific method from the field of discrete optimization known as Logical Analysis of Data (LAD). In this part, an original medical application and an extension of LAD to survival analysis are presented. Survival analysis is the modeling of time to event (typically death or failure). The proposed heuristics are derived from classical operations research methods such as integer programming, problem decomposition and greedy algorithms. The second part is more theoretical and focuses on two combinatorial problems encountered while solving practical data mining problems. The first one is a problem of graph partition into dense subgraphs for unsupervised learning. We emphasize the algorithmic complexity of this problem, and give a polynomial algorithm based on dynamic programming when the graph is a tree. This algorithm relies on famous combinatorial optimization results in matching theory. The second problem is a generalization of test cover for feature selection. The rows of a binary matrix are bicolored. The objective is to find a minimum subset of columns such that any pair of rows with different colors are still distinct when the matrix is restricted to the subset of columns. We give complexity results and tight bounds on the size of the optimal solutions for various matrix structures
Constant time generic algorithms for resolution of combinatorial optimization problems in the class of rotagraphs and fasciagraphs. Application to identifying codes, locating-dominating set and locating-total-dominating set.
No full textUn fasciagraphe de taille n et de fibre F est constitué de n copies consécutives du graphe F, chaque copie étant reliée à la suivante selon le même schéma. Les rotagraphes sont définis similairement, mais selon une structure circulaire. Dans cette thèse nous caractérisons un ensemble de problèmes combinatoires qui peuvent être résolus de façon efficace dans la classe des fasciagraphes et rotagraphes. Dans ce contexte, nous définissons les (d,q,w)-propriétés closes et stables, et présentons pour de telles propriétés un algorithme pour calculer une solution optimale en temps constant pour l'ensemble des fasciagraphes ou rotagraphes de fibre fixée. Nous montrons que plusieurs problèmes communément étudiés dans la théorie des graphes et NP-complets dans le cas général sont caractérisés par des (d,q,w)-propriétés closes ou stables. Dans une seconde partie de la thèse, nous adaptons cet algorithme générique à trois problèmes spécifiques caractérisés par des (d,q,w)-propriétés stables : le problème du code identifiant minimum, et deux problèmes proches, celui de dominant-localisateur minimum et celui du dominant-total-localisateur minimum. Nous présentons alors une implémentation de l'algorithme qui nous a permis de répondre à des questions ouvertes dans certains rotagraphes particuliers : les bandes circulaires de hauteur bornée. Nous en déduisons d'autres résultats sur les bandes infinies de hauteur bornée. Enfin, nous explorons le problème du code identifiant dans une autre classe de graphes à structure répétitive : les graphes fractals de cycle.A fasciagraph of length n and of fiber F, is constituted of n consecutive copies of a graph F, each copy being linked to the next one according to a same scheme. Rotagraphs are defines similarily, but along a circular structure. In this thesis, we caracterize a set of combinatorial problems that can be efficiently solved when applied on the class of rotagraphs and fasciagraphs. In this context, we define closed and stable (d,q,w)-properties, and we present, for such properties, an algorithm to compute an optimal solution, in constant time, for the set of fasciagraphs or rotagraphs of fixed fiber. We show that several problems, largely studied in graph theory, are caracterized by closed or stable (d,q,w)-properties. In a second part of the thesis, we adapt the generic algorithm to three problems caracterized by stable (d,q,w)-properties : the problem of minimum indentifying code, and two other, close to this one, the problem of minimum locating-dominating set et the one of minimum locating-total-dominating set. We present an implementation of our algorithm which has let us respond to open questions in a certain sub-class of rotagraphs : the circular strips of bounded height. We deduce from there other results on infinite strips of bounded height. Finaly we explore the problem of minimum identifying code in another class of graphs with repetitive structure : the fractal graphs
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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