1,720,955 research outputs found
Shekgalagari laryngeal contrasts: the plosives
No full textThis paper examines the production of Shekgalagari plosives by means of the electro-laryngograph. These plosives have hitherto only been described through impressionistic auditory methods. The laryngograph is a non-invasive device which objectively monitors vocal fold vibration during speech. Shekgalagari has traditionally been described as a three-way contrasting system, with voiced, voiceless aspirated and voiceless unaspirated stops. The study confirms this traditional description by making a detailed description of the delicate activity of the vocal fold during its articulation as well as associated acoustic activity. To further buttress the distinction in Shekgalagari stops, this article also examines whether the stops can be distinguished from each other on the basis of voice onset time (VOT), a parameter which has been very efficient in distinguishing (a series of word initial homorganic) plosive consonants in the languages of the world. The results show that VOT efficiently distinguishes between these stops in the language, confirming again the traditional description of a three-way contrast in plosive series of the language.S.Afr.J.Afr.Lang.,2005,
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Notes on Pronunciation Problems of Bakgalagari and Bakalanga Speakers of English in Botswana
Get PDFWhen Botswana became a British Protectorate in 1985, the territory that is now Botswana, with its diverse ethnic languages came under the influence of English which would later become a school language. English was used as a medium of instruction for children who had no knowledge of the language. There was not even a sizeable English-speaking community who could provide a good example of English pronunciation. English was learnt from people who were themselves hardly literate in it. The effect and consequence of this was that bad pronunciation habits were entrenched, and have, unfortunately, persisted. If Setswana speakers were fortunate that Setswana was later used in the classroom, nothing helped the speakers of languages such as Shekgalagari and iKalanga. Their poor pronunciation of English is for the most part traceable to their mother tongue. This article presents a preliminary discussion on these pronunciation challenges. The discussion seeks also to contribute to debates on challenges of learning English as a foreign language. The realisation of these phonetic struggles may also contribute to better teaching strategies for English in Botswana
Shekgalagari stops and theories of phonological representation
No full textThe aim of this paper is to present some aspects of stop consonants, e.g. voice onset time (VOT) and F0 perturbation, and also to present phonological theories of stop representation in order to examine matters of Shekgalagari stop production and phonological representation. Of the phonological representation theories discussed, VOT, the Element theory and Keating's theories of two and three levels of phonological representation as well as the principle of polarization adequately capture phonological contrasts in Shekgalagari. The SPE and the Halle and Stevens (H&S) models are plagued with the problem of generation of more and more features to, if possible, code adequately, the contrasts that exist in Shekgalaga Lwati: A Journal of Contemporary Research Vol. 2 2005: 24-4
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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