1,720,953 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Contribution to the understanding and the improvement of the physico-chemical and techno-functional properties of whey by alkaline electro-activation treatment and complexation with canola proteins
No full textLa croissance de la population mondiale et l'évolution des habitudes alimentaires dans tous les pays vers une plus grande consommation d'aliments à base de protéines augmentent les préoccupations à l'échelle planétaire en ce qui concerne le risque de pénurie de protéines. Ceci est à son tour un facteur qui encourage la nécessité de mener des recherches approfondies et structurées pour trouver de nouvelles sources de protéines durables et de mieux valoriser les protéines existantes. Cependant, certaines protéines, notamment de source végétale, sont caractérisées par de médiocres propriétés fonctionnelles et ne permettent pas d'obtenir les aspects techno-fonctionnels souhaités dans les systèmes alimentaires. Afin de remédier à cet inconvénient, l'application de traitements alcalins pour modifier ces protéines et les transformer en ingrédients fonctionnels suscite un grand intérêt depuis quelques années. Ainsi, le présent projet a été réalisé dans un objectif d'utiliser la technologie d'électro-activation en solution comme traitement innovant, original et efficace pour une valorisation intégrale des ingrédients du lactosérum. En effet, le lactosérum en tant que co-produit de la production fromagère contient des composants de haute valeur nutritionnelle et technologique, notamment les protéines, mais aussi le lactose qui peut être utilisé pour produire des sucres à haute valeur ajoutée comme le lactulose qui est un prébiotique reconnu. La première étape de ce travail visait à déterminer l'impact du traitement d'électro-activation alcaline (EA) sur les propriétés physico-chimiques et fonctionnelles du lactosérum doux. L'impact de l'EA alcaline sur la solubilité des protéines, le moussage et les caractéristiques émulsifiantes du lactosérum a été également étudié. Le procédé de l'EA a amélioré la solubilité des protéines dans la plage de pH de 4,0 à 7,0. Contrairement aux échantillons de lactosérum non traités, qui formaient des émulsions micrométriques et instables à pH 3, les échantillons de lactosérum EA produisaient des émulsions nanométriques et stables à ce pH. De plus, bien que le lactosérum non traité et le lactosérum EA produisaient des émulsions stables à pH 7, les émulsions préparées avec le lactosérum EA avaient des tailles de particules plus petites et étaient plus stables contre la floculation des gouttelettes. Le lactosérum traité à l'EA avait tendance à générer des mousses avec un foisonnement et une stabilité significativement plus élevée. La présente étude a démontré que l'EA pouvait améliorer la fonctionnalité du lactosérum doux. Les protéines végétales sont de plus en plus populaires en raison de leurs bienfaits pour la santé et de leur durabilité. Cependant, comparativement aux protéines animales, les protéines végétales comme celles de canola ont une faible solubilité et des propriétés techno-fonctionnelles qui doivent être améliorées, ce qui les rend inefficaces en tant qu'ingrédients dans la formulation de différents aliments. Ainsi, dans le cadre du présent projet, le deuxième volet consistait à mener des études pour produire des protéines de canola solubles et fonctionnelles par complexation avec des protéines de lactosérum en utilisant la technologie d'électro-activation (AE) en solution. Les résultats obtenus ont permis de démontrer que la présence de lactosérum lors du traitement alcalin par EA de la solution de protéines de canola provoquait des interactions structurelles entre les protéines du lactosérum et les protéines de canola, conduisant au développement de nouveaux complexes de protéines qui sont caractérisés par un haut degré de solubilité et des propriétés émulsifiantes et gélifiantes nettement plus élevées que l'échantillon de canola non traité ou celui ayant subi un traitement par EA. En plus, par rapport aux protéines de canola non traitées qui présentaient une solubilité des protéines inférieure à 25 %, une faible capacité moussante, ainsi qu'une faible capacité d'émulsification et de gélification, les mélanges de canola/lactosérum traités par l'EA ont montré une solubilité des protéines d'environ 100 %, une capacité moussante de 300 %, une capacité de former des émulsions stables pendant 30 jours. Le troisième volet de ce projet a permis de démontrer que le traitement par électro-activation cathodique du lactosérum et des protéines de canola a permis de former un complexe qui est caractérisé par un fort pouvoir de gélification, ce qui constitue une contribution significative à l'amélioration du potentiel d'une co-utilisation des protéines de canola et du lactosérum pour la formulation d'aliments de type gel. Finalement, ce projet a apporté une contribution significative à l'avancement des connaissances sur le potentiel d'utilisation de la technologie d'électro-activation en solution pour la modification alcaline des protéines de lactosérum et du canola en vue d'améliorer leurs propriétés techno-fonctionnelles et de les utiliser comme ingrédients dans la formulation des aliments. En plus, il a été démontré que les traitements alcalins par électro-activation en solution peuvent être utilisés comme méthodes d'alcalinisation sans produits chimiques pour améliorer la solubilité et les propriétés fonctionnelles des protéines de canola et de leur mélange avec le lactosérum.The growth of the world population (over 30% of the existing 7.5 billion people estimated by 2050) and shifts in global eating patterns towards higher consumption of protein-based foods increase worldwide concerns on protein shortage and encourage extensive research to find new sustainable protein sources, which encourages research to recover protein from sustainable sources and valorization of existing protein sources. However, some proteins show poor functionalities in food systems and fail to provide expected functionality in food systems. The application of alkaline treatments to modify these proteins to convert them into functional ingredients has aroused great interest in recent years. The purpose of this study was to explore the electro-activation technology as an innovative alkalinity method to characteristically valorize whey components. Whey as a by-product of cheese and casein manufacturing contains several valuable components, which have demonstrated promising biological and functional properties. The first step of this work aimed to determine the impact of alkaline electro-activation (EA) treatment on physicochemical and functional properties of sweet whey. The impact of alkaline EA on the protein solubility, foaming, and emulsifying characteristics of whey was investigated. The EA process improved the protein solubility at the pH range of 4.0-7.0. In contrast to untreated whey samples, which formed micron-sized and unstable emulsions at pH 3, EA-whey produced nano-sized and stable emulsions at this pH. EA-treated whey tended to generate foams with significantly higher over run and stability. This study demonstrated that EA could enhance the protein solubility of functionality of sweet whey. Further studies were carried out to produce highly soluble and functional canola proteins through pH shifting-driven complexation with whey proteins by chemical-free alkaline electro-activation. Plant proteins are becoming more popular due to their health benefits and sustainability. Compared to animal proteins, canola proteins have poor solubility and functionality, which make them in effective in food formulation. In the second part of the study, whey protein and canola protein were grafted together to create soluble protein composite with superior functionality. Sweet whey was used as a low-price source of animal protein to modify the canola proteins. It was found that the alkaline EA treatment was very effective in functionality improvement of both canola protein alone solution and their mixtures. Further more, the results suggested the presence of whey during the alkaline EA treatment of canola protein solution caused the structural alteration of canola proteins, and formation of protein particles with smaller size and higher surface charge. It resulted in the creation of novel composites proteins with superior solubility and emulsifying properties compared to the EA-treated canola alone sample. This enhanced solubility and emulsifying properties was concluded to be a result of lactose grating on the protein backbone of canola proteins. The overrun of canola protein alone solution increase from 100% to more than 500% after EA-treatment. However, the presence of whey in the EA-treated whey/canola protein solution slightly decreased the foam over run of the sample compared to EA-treated canola alone sample, possibly due to grafting lactose onto the surface of the proteins, resulting in a lower protein surface hydrophobicity. This study showed that the alkaline EA treatment was an effective process to enhance the solubility and functionality of canola proteins and their mixture with whey. In third part of the study, the consequences of alkaline electro-activation (EA) treatment on the flow behavior and gelling properties of canola protein and the mixture of sweet whey/canola protein. Canola protein alone (C) and whey/canola protein mixed suspensions (CW) were treated in an alkalizing electro-activation reactor and then naturalized to neutral pH. The alkaline EA treatment resulted in the production of small aggregates crosslinked by disulfide and covalent bonds. The gelation experiments showed that the EA-treated canola protein and whey/canola protein samples had a superior capacity to develop an integrated gel structure with higher mechanical and rheological properties and improved water holding capacity compared to the untreated samples. Characterization of interactions involved in the gel network structure suggested that the strong covalent interactions played a prominent role in the network of these EA-treated samples. The SDS-PAGE pattern of the gels made from EA-treated canola protein and whey/canola protein samples confirmed the presence of intensive protein polymerization through covalent crosslinking in these gels. The results of this part of the study suggest that the alkaline EA treatment is an effective tool for improving the gelation properties of canola proteins and producing whey/canola protein composite gels with improved functionality. Taken together, the current study showed that alkaline EA treatments can be used as chemical-free alkalinization methods to enhance the solubility, emulsifying and foaming properties, and gelation capacity, sweat whey, canola protein, and the mixture whey and canola protein
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
