1,720,965 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Evolutionary effects of fishing and implications for sustainable management: a case study of North Seas plaice and sole
No full textExploited resources might genetically evolve as a consequence of ex¬ploitation by adapting their life history to the imposed mortality re¬gime. Although evolution favors traits for survival and reproduction of the fittest, human-induced evolution might have negative consequences for the exploiter. In general, a shift towards lower growth rate, earlier maturation and increased reproductive investment might be expected from increased (unselective) mortality and these changes might lead to generally smaller exploited individuals. Hence, the evolution might ne¬gatively affect the productivity of the resource and thus the sustainable exploitation and furthermore, genetic changes might be slow to reverse. If selection forces are high, evolution might occur fast and be observa¬ble within a few decades. Fisheries provide a large scale experiment for fisheries-induced evolution (FIE) since fishing mortality rates, typically being size-selective, exceed natural mortality rates by a multiple and data samples are available for decadal time scales. This thesis aims to assess the potential importance of FIE for sustainable exploitation by empirical evidence as well as evolutionary modeling, illustrated for the North Sea flatfish plaice and sole.In empirical studies the problem of inferring on genetic changes from phenotypic observations lies in the disentangling of the phenotypic plasticity caused by environmental variations from the potential gene¬tic change. This is at least partly achieved by constructing norms of reaction that account for this environmental variation. The probabi¬listic maturation reaction norm for instance disentangles phenotypic plasticity in maturation caused by variation in growth. Because growth, maturation and reproductive investment are correlated due to tradeoffs on the individual level, a method was developed that fits an energy al¬location model to individual growth trajectories, obtained by the back-calculation of otoliths. This method provides size-specific estimates of the mechanistic individual life history tradeoffs and of the selection differentials imposed by the fishery. Because the correlation of esti¬mated life-history traits is captured, temporal changes could (for the first time) be analyzed conditionally on the correlation and on potenti¬al environmental effectors, thus disentangling not only environmental variability but also effects from changes in another trait. The results suggest that maturation shifted to occur earlier, surplus energy and reproductive investment increased partly due to environmental factors, but that all changes also bear a genetic component, indicative for FIE.Species-specific individual-based eco-genetic models were developed to explore the evolutionary causes of reverse sexual size dimorphism in the case of flatfish. The hypothesis that males are smaller than fe¬males because of an energy loss through behavioural reproductive in¬vestments has to be rejected in this evolutionary perspective, since a higher demand on reproductive investment is compensated by increased energy acquisition. In contrast, the results show that males are smaller because increasing reproductive investment pays off less in males than in females. The finding can likely be generalized to many cases where mating opportunities are limited in space and time. Since eco-genetic models include the inheritance of traits with frequency-dependent se¬lection, they are therefore a powerful tool to study FIE and the model is therefore fitted to the estimated evolution of plaice and the evolu¬tionary impact of different management scenarios is assessed. The so called maximum sustainable yield MSY and the corresponding maximal fishing mortality FMSY evolve along with the population life history and occur both at lower levels after a while. The currently estimated refe¬rence points are thus not sustainable but slipping targets. By a dome-shaped exploitation pattern being protective for larger fish the evolu¬tionary trends could be reversed and with it the negative evolutionary impact. However, the evolutionary impact trades off against the short term loss in yield: by protecting the large fish the evolutionary impact is minimized but the instantaneous yield is decreased too – the optimal strategy for a given time horizon is somewhere in between. In summary, the thesis provides evidence that FIE should be taken into account for sustainable management
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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