1,720,976 research outputs found
The role of structured training in learning microsurgery: a narrative review
No full textBackground and introduction. Microsurgery has transformed reconstructive surgery, offering superior aesthetic and functional outcomes, particularly in complex cases. Mastery of microsurgery is challenging due to the intricate nature of procedures and the precision required, leading to a steep learning curve. Various training methods, including traditional animal models and emerging synthetic alternatives, have been developed to enhance skill acquisition. Structured training programs, supported by national and international societies, are crucial for improving competency, with emphasis on both objective and subjective measures of performance.
Material and methods. This review utilized the PubMed database to analyze literature on microsurgery training, employing search terms like “Microsurgery” AND “training resident”. After systematic filtering, 15 relevant articles were included, encompassing studies evaluating improvements in anastomosis time and patency rates, along with resident confidence.
Results. Key findings included a 2022 study revealing a 41% patency rate among 1.792 anastomoses performed by residents after a 7-month training course with Wistar rats. Training duration significantly influenced performance. A virtual training program in low-resource settings demonstrated improved confidence in microsurgical skills, although statistical significance was limited by sample size. An Italian study indicated that structured long-term training led to significant improvements in Global Rating Scale (GRS) scores and reduced procedure times.
Discussion and conclusions. The findings emphasize the effectiveness of structured, hands-on training in enhancing microsurgical skills. While remote training offers valuable introductory knowledge, in-person practice remains essential for developing the precision required in microsurgery. An integrated training approach combining both methods could improve global access to microsurgical education, equipping practitioners with necessary skills for success in the field. Overall, structured training enhances residents’ confidence and technical competence
Assessing Interpectoral Nerve Block for Postoperative Pain Management in Reduction Mammaplasty Surgery
No full textLateral based dermal flap in breast contouring in reduction mammaplasty
No full textBackground and introduction: Reduction mammaplasty surgery constitutes one of the plastic surgery procedures with the greatest impact on patients' quality of life. It is necessary to ensure an appropriate mammary contouring. Over time, various techniques have been proposed to overcome these problems, based mainly on the use of dermal, dermo fascial, or myoglandular flaps. In this case report we describe the use of a laterally vascularized dermal flap to provide better breast contouring. Case presentation: A 34-year-old female patient underwent reduction mammaplasty surgery using a dermal flap to reshape her breast profile. The flap was set up with a lateral base, degreased and anchored with a dermal loop to the pectoralis muscle to ensure adequate breast contouring. Clinical discussion: An optimal aesthetic result was obtained with contour shaping of the medial quadrants and a reduction in bulging of the lateral quadrants, with increased satisfaction of the patient's breast aesthetics. Conclusion: The use of dermal flaps for breast contouring in reduction mammaplasty is described in various modalities in the literature. The use of a laterally based dermis allows the bulging of the lateral quadrants to be reduced and the contouring of the medial quadrants to be redefined with a quick and easy technique that also allows for a more stable result and greater patient satisfaction
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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