1,721,154 research outputs found
Risk awareness and complexity in students’ gambling
No full textProblem gambling is widespread among teenagers. The primary aim of the present study is to understand whether young problem gamblers are aware of the economic risks associated with gambling. Secondly, we explore the possibility that problem gambling is related with some specific pattern of play. We use a large-scale survey from the ESPAD(& REG;)_Italia 2018 project (European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs). We test the relationship between the SOGS-RA problem gambling indicator, and some socio-behavioural and family-related variables, a specific indicator pertinent to economic risk perception and two gambling context variables. These variables have been created using the bipartite network and complexity measures defined by Hidalgo and Haussman (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 106:10570-10575, 2009), considering the number of games played by each student and how popular these gambling products are. The results show that problem gamblers are aware of the economic risks and at the same time tend to play more games and more unpopular games than non-problem gamblers. The likely effectiveness of different policies is discussed in the light of this evidence
The cards they're dealt: types of gambling activity, online gambling, and risk of problem gambling in European adolescents
Full text linkObjective: This study aims to identify risk factors associated with gambling engagement and the likelihood of problem behavior, distinguishing by type of gambling activity and examining the impact of online gambling. Methods: Data about 85,420 students aged 16 from 33 countries participating in the 2019 European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) were analyzed through a three-stage sequential probit model, specifically focusing on four types of activity: lotteries, slot machines, cards, and betting. Furthermore, predicted probabilities were calculated for subsamples of students engaging in different types of gambling activities to explore their influence on the likelihood of problem gambling behavior, conditioned on online gambling involvement. Results: Certain groups, such as males and those with a history of school difficulties, exhibit a higher likelihood of problematic gambling behavior. Online gaming significantly influences adolescent gambling behavior, with slot machines demonstrating the highest predicted probabilities of risky behavior when combined with online gaming. Policy implications: The findings highlight that gambling is quite common among adolescents, and that gamblers and problem gamblers display different profiles, suggesting the importance of targeted interventions and support for vulnerable individuals. Public policies should prioritize the regulation of high-risk gambling activities, particularly slot machines, by enhancing the enforcement of age restrictions and the education on the real odds of winning and potential harms of gambling, particularly among adolescents. It is crucial to foster policies and interventions that address the risks associated with online gambling for this age group
Machine learning techniques in breast cancer preventive diagnosis: a review
Full text linkBreast cancer (BC) is known as the most prevalent form of cancer among women. Recent research has demonstrated the potential of Machine Learning (ML) techniques in predicting the five-year BC risk using personal health data. Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest, K-NN (K-Nearest Neighbour), Naive Bayes, Neural Network, Decision Tree (DT), Logistic Regression (LR), Discriminant Analysis, and their variants are commonly employed in ML for BC analysis. This study investigates the factors influencing the performance of ML techniques in the domain of BC prevention, with a focus on dataset size and feature selection. The study's goal is to examine the effect of dataset cardinality, feature selection, and model selection on analytical performance in terms of Accuracy and Area Under the Curve (AUC). To this aim, 3917 papers were automatically selected from Scopus and PubMed, considering all publications from the previous 5 years, and, after inclusion and exclusion criteria, 54 articles were selected for the analysis. Our findings highlight how a good cardinality of the dataset and effective feature selection have a higher impact on the model's performance than the selected model, as corroborated by one of the studies, which gets extremely good results with all of the models employed
Prognostic value of high-dose dipyridamole stress myocardial contrast perfusion echocardiography
Full text linkThe addition of myocardial perfusion (MP) imaging during dipyridamole real-time contrast echocardiography improves the sensitivity to detect coronary artery disease, but its prognostic value to predict hard cardiac events in large numbers of patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease remains unknown
The effects of the macro-environment on treatment retention for problem cocaine users
No full textClient dropout is commonly used as an indicator of quality and effectiveness of drug treatment. Following increasing cocaine use in recent years, research has attempted to identify predictors of retention in treatment for cocaine users but there is no consensus about how individual characteristics and system variables (referral source, treatment setting), what we term here as the "macro-environment" - effect risk of dropout. This study sought to identify macro-environmental factors and examine the way these impact upon treatment retention
Analysing Open-Ended Questions in ESPAD-MedSPAD bridge project: a manually labelled dataset
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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