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Efeitos da inclusão de gordura protegida nas rações de cabras saanen em lactação
Get PDFSaanen goats on dry matter and nutrients intake, nutrient utilization efficiency, bloodparameters and milk production and composition. Five Saanen goats (63.23 ± 9.08 kg ofbody weight and ± 105 days of lactation) were distributed in Latin square designs (5x5)with five rations: control (without protected fat) and others, with 6.25; 12.5; 18.75 and25 g of protected fat per kg of dry matter (g/kg of DM), respectively. Intake wasdetermined by daily difference between the food supplied and leftovers and to estimatethe digestibility, indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) was used as internal marker.Daily milk production was recorded and milk samples were collected to determine thecontent of total solids, protein, fat, lactose and to analyze fatty acids concentration.Blood samples were collected to determine urea, triglycerides and cholesterol in theserum and glucose in the plasma. The simplified economic analysis was performed todetermine the best cost-benefit. Rations did not influence body weight and the intakesof dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, total carbohydrates, totaldigestible nutrients and digestible energy. There was a linear increase on the intake anddigestibility of the ether extract and a linear decrease on the intake of the crude proteinand non-fiber carbohydrates, however, without effects on the digestibility of thesenutrients. Blood cholesterol content increased with the inclusion of protected fat in therations, however, urea, triglycerides and glucose concentrations were not changed. Theobserved values for blood parameters indicated nutritional balance between energy andprotein. There was not influence on milk production and fat corrected milk, feedefficiency and milk energetic value. Milk composition and its components productionwere not influenced however there was a linear decrease of 0.87 g of protein per kg ofmilk in each unit including protected fat in the ration. Supplementation with protectedfat improved linolenic acid production (18:3n-3) with the point of maximum at 24 g ofprotected fat per kg of dry matter. Protected fat can be included in rations of lactatingSaanen goats up to 25 g/kg of DM without changing intake and improving nutrientsdigestibility from the point of minimum 9.8 g/kg of DM, however, the best economicresponse is observed when fat inclusion was 6.25 g/kg of DM.Este trabalho foi realizado para determinar os efeitos da inclusão de gordura protegida nas rações de cabras Saanen sobre a ingestão de matéria seca, e dos nutrientes,eficiência de utilização dos nutrientes, parâmetros sanguíneos, produção e composição do leite. Cinco cabras Saanen (63,23 ± 9,08 kg de peso corporal e ± 105 dias de lactação) foram distribuídas em delineamento quadrado latino (5x5) com cinco rações:controle (sem adição de gordura protegida) e as demais, com 6,25; 12,50; 18,75 e 25,00g de gordura protegida por kg de matéria seca (g/kg de MS), respectivamente. A ingestão média foi determinada por diferença diária entre o fornecido e as sobras e para estimativa da digestibilidade foi utilizada a FDAi como indicador interno. Foram registradas as produções de leite diárias e coletadas amostras de leite para determinação dos teores de sólidos totais, proteína, gordura, lactose e análise da concentração de ácidos graxos. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue para determinar as concentrações de uréia, triglicerídeos e colesterol no soro e glicose no plasma. A análise econômica simplificada foi realizada para determinar o melhor custo x benefício. As rações não influenciaram o peso corporal e as ingestões de matéria seca, matéria orgânica, fibra em detergente neutro, carboidratos totais, nutrientes digestíveis totais e energia digestível.Houve aumento linear na ingestão e digestibilidade do extrato etéreo e redução linear na ingestão de proteína bruta e carboidratos não fibrosos, porém, sem efeitos para a digestibilidade desses nutrientes. A concentração de colesterol no sangue aumentou em função da inclusão de gordura protegida nas rações, porém não foram alteradas as concentrações de uréia, triglicerídeos e glicose. Os valores observados para os parâmetros sanguíneos indicaram equilíbrio nutricional entre energia e proteína. Não houve influência sobre a produção de leite e produção de leite corrigida para 35 g de gordura por kg de leite, eficiência alimentar e valor energético do leite. A composição ea produção de componentes do leite não foram influenciadas, no entanto, houve redução linear de 0,87 g de proteína por kg de leite para cada unidade de inclusão de gordura protegida na ração. A suplementação com gordura protegida favoreceu a produção de ácido linolênico (18:3n-3) com ponto de máxima a 24 g/kg de MS. A gordura protegida pode ser incluída nas rações de cabras Saanen em lactação em até 25 g/kg de MS sem alterar a ingestão, com melhoria na digestibilidade dos nutrientes a partir do ponto de mínima de 9,8 g/kg de MS, no entanto, a melhor resposta econômica foi observada coma inclusão de gordura protegida a 6,25 g/kg de MS.xiv, 45
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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