1,720,961 research outputs found
Timeliness of the second dose of measles-containing vaccine uptake and its determinants among children aged 24–36 months in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia, 2023: Community-based cross-sectional study design
No full textBackground: Measles remains a global public health concern, despite the availability of effective vaccines. Recent outbreaks highlight the need for strong vaccination programs. Since launching both doses, Ethiopia has been working with global health organizations to increase vaccination coverage. However, focusing solely on coverage overlooks the importance of timely vaccination. In Ethiopia, despite occasional increases in coverage, measles outbreaks persist due to insufficient attention to timeliness. This study aims to assess the timeliness and its determinants of second-dose measles-containing vaccine uptake in Gondar City to inform efforts to strengthen immunization programs and prevent measles infections. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 618 children aged 24–36 months. Participants were selected using a two-stage systematic random sampling method from April 25 to May 25. Structured questionnaires were administered through interviews, and data were collected using the Kobo toolbox and then analyzed using Stata version 17. A binary logistic regression model was utilized to determine factors associated with the outcome, with significance declared at a p-value <0.05. Adjusted odds ratios with 95 % confidence intervals were used to assess the direction and strength of associations. Results: Among the total of 618 children, 523 (84.63 %) (95 % CI: 81.77 %–87.48 %) were vaccinated for MCV2 timely (in the national recommended age). Paternal college and above in their education (AOR: 5.84, 95 % CI: 1.55–8.18), four or more ANC follow-ups (AOR: 5.84, 95 % CI: 1.55–8.18), at least two doses of vitamin An uptake (AOR: 6.39, 95 % CI: 2.92–12.59), mothers having high awareness (AOR: 2.04, 95 % CI: 1.05–3.99), and mothers having positive perception (AOR: 4.81, 95 % CI: 2.13–10.86) to measles vaccination were significant determinants for timely uptake of the second dose measles-containing vaccine. Conclusion and recommendations: The timely uptake of the second dose of the measles vaccine in the study area was suboptimal, and efforts should be continued to eradicate measles infection. Paternal educational status, ANC follow-ups, repeated vitamin An uptake, maternal awareness, and perception of measles vaccination were statistically significant determinants for the timely uptake of a second dose of measles-containing vaccine. Strengthening maternal and child health services, increasing awareness, and changing mothers' perceptions about measles vaccination may increase the timely uptake of MCV2 among children receiving a second MCV dose
Uptake of the Second Dose of the Measles Vaccine and Its Determinants Among Children Aged Less Than 5 Years: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textBackgroundEthiopia is faced with poor measles-containing vaccine second dose (MCV2) coverage, leading to recurrent outbreaks.
ObjectiveThis meta-analysis and systematic review aimed at combining evidence of MCV2 uptake in Ethiopia and its determinants to inform interventions for increased vaccination uptake and control of public health challenges.
MethodsThis review examined observational quantitative research on measles second dose vaccination among children in Ethiopia using databases such as PubMed Central, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, and Embase. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Heterogeneity was evaluated using I2 statistics and the Cochran Q test, and the analysis used a random-effects model. Publication bias was assessed through funnel plots, the Egger test, and nonparametric trim-and-fill tests.
ResultsThe overall MCV2 uptake among children aged <5 years in Ethiopia was only 34.4% (95% CI 18.8%-49.9%). Significant determinants of MCV2 uptake included high level of maternal education (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.31, 95% CI 1.32-5.30), attendance to antenatal care follow-ups (AOR 2.02, 95% CI 1.12-2.92), use of postnatal care services (AOR 3.03, 95% CI 1.77-4.28), reduced waiting times at vaccination sites (AOR 2.56, 95% CI 1.98-3.13), good awareness of measles vaccination (AOR 2.17, 95% CI 1.59-2.74), and positive perceptions of the vaccine (AOR 3.58, 95% CI 1.97-6.30).
ConclusionsThis study found that the uptake of MCV2 among children aged <5 years in Ethiopia was 34%, which is far below the global and national goal of 95%. Key factors contributing to low coverage include mothers’ educational levels, use of antenatal and postnatal care services, waiting times at vaccination sites, and mothers’ awareness of the measles vaccine. Improving community-based education programs, increasing access to antenatal and postnatal care services, reducing waiting times, and raising awareness about immunization all contribute to increasing vaccine uptake.
Trial RegistrationPROSPERO CRD42024619031; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD4202461903
Image_1_Second dose of measles-containing vaccine coverage and associated factors among children aged 24–36 months in Gondar city, Central Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia, 2023.jpg
No full textBackgroundMeasles caused 207,000 deaths worldwide in 2019. Ethiopia ranks among the top 10 countries in the world with the highest number of measles cases. However, the coverage of the second dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV2) remains low. To increase coverage, the government of Ethiopia launched a nationwide measles vaccination campaign. Despite this intervention, the coverage is still below target, and there is scarce information in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess MCV2 coverage and associated factors among children aged 24–36 months in Gondar city, Central Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia, 2023.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 621 children aged 24–36 months using a systematic random sampling technique from 25 April to 25 May. A pre-tested, interviewer-administered, and structured questionnaire was used and collected using Kobo Toolbox and then transferred to Stata version 17 for further analysis. The binary logistic regression model was used to identify factors, and the presence of an association was declared using a p-value of ResultsA total of 621 children, with a response rate of 98.1%, participated in the study. The coverage of the second dose of MCV was 75.68% (95% CI: 72.1–78.9). The following factors were significantly associated with measles-containing vaccine second dose (MCV2) coverage: father as the household head (AOR: 3.06, 95% CI: 1.43–6.44), first birth order (AOR: 4.45, 95% CI: 1.21–16.3), four and above antenatal care (ANC) follow-ups (AOR: 5.18, 95% CI:1.62–16.5), postnatal care (PNC) service utilization (AOR: 2.57, 95% CI:1.27–5.15), at least two doses of vitamin A uptake (AOR: 6.39, 95% CI: 2.67–15.2), mothers having high awareness (AOR: 1.97, 95% CI:1.15–3.4), and good perception (AOR: 3.6, 95% CI: 2–6.47) about measles vaccination.Conclusion and recommendationsThe coverage of MCV2 in the study area is lower than the national and global target of above 95%. Head of household, birth order, ANC follow-up, PNC service utilization, vitamin A uptake, awareness, and perception of mothers about measles vaccination were significant factors for MCV2 coverage. Creating awareness, increasing the perception of mothers about measles vaccination, and strengthening the ANC and PNC services will increase the coverage.</p
Table_1_Second dose of measles-containing vaccine coverage and associated factors among children aged 24–36 months in Gondar city, Central Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia, 2023.DOCX
No full textBackgroundMeasles caused 207,000 deaths worldwide in 2019. Ethiopia ranks among the top 10 countries in the world with the highest number of measles cases. However, the coverage of the second dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV2) remains low. To increase coverage, the government of Ethiopia launched a nationwide measles vaccination campaign. Despite this intervention, the coverage is still below target, and there is scarce information in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess MCV2 coverage and associated factors among children aged 24–36 months in Gondar city, Central Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia, 2023.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 621 children aged 24–36 months using a systematic random sampling technique from 25 April to 25 May. A pre-tested, interviewer-administered, and structured questionnaire was used and collected using Kobo Toolbox and then transferred to Stata version 17 for further analysis. The binary logistic regression model was used to identify factors, and the presence of an association was declared using a p-value of ResultsA total of 621 children, with a response rate of 98.1%, participated in the study. The coverage of the second dose of MCV was 75.68% (95% CI: 72.1–78.9). The following factors were significantly associated with measles-containing vaccine second dose (MCV2) coverage: father as the household head (AOR: 3.06, 95% CI: 1.43–6.44), first birth order (AOR: 4.45, 95% CI: 1.21–16.3), four and above antenatal care (ANC) follow-ups (AOR: 5.18, 95% CI:1.62–16.5), postnatal care (PNC) service utilization (AOR: 2.57, 95% CI:1.27–5.15), at least two doses of vitamin A uptake (AOR: 6.39, 95% CI: 2.67–15.2), mothers having high awareness (AOR: 1.97, 95% CI:1.15–3.4), and good perception (AOR: 3.6, 95% CI: 2–6.47) about measles vaccination.Conclusion and recommendationsThe coverage of MCV2 in the study area is lower than the national and global target of above 95%. Head of household, birth order, ANC follow-up, PNC service utilization, vitamin A uptake, awareness, and perception of mothers about measles vaccination were significant factors for MCV2 coverage. Creating awareness, increasing the perception of mothers about measles vaccination, and strengthening the ANC and PNC services will increase the coverage.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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