104,742 research outputs found
Contemporary attitudes to traditional facial ta moko: A working paper
No full textUntil it came under serious attack from nineteenth century missionaries, ta moko was an
integral part of traditional Maori society. Facial moko conveyed important information about
identity, whakapapa and status. The process of receiving a moko was tapu and highly regulated.
Recent years have seen an increase in the number of Maori receiving ta moko. Moko have been
seen as a symbol of Maori pride and identity and have often been associated with political
activism. This study set out to investigate the contemporary meaning of ta moko, the reactions
wearers encounter from others and the ways wearers cope with those reactions.
Three case studies are presented. These show that the issues of personal identity and
whakapapa were central to the meaning wearers attached to their moko. Receiving a moko was
often associated with significant personal changes and an increased political commitment to
Maori self determination. On the whole, positive reactions were more common than negative
reactions but wearers did find themselves subjected to racist and antagonistic responses.
Wearing moko was also reported to mean that others, particularly other Maori, placed certain
expectations on the wearer, notably to be fluent in te reo and to be able to exercise leadership.
Participants considered that there was a need for education about the significance of ta moko
and recommended that those contemplating receiving a moko ensure that they are reasonably
fluent in te reo
Ta Moko: Culture, body modification, and the psychology of identity.
No full textThis paper outlines the context of Ta Moko in the Māori world, and locates the practice in the Pacific, and in the twenty first century. It describes the resurgence of the practice, and comments on the aims of the Marsen project. The three principal aims are:
1. To complete a comprehensive survey of the chant record and oral history with reference to archaeological, archival and artefactual materials.
2. To examine traditional whakairo carving in relation to Ta Moko.
3. To explore the nature of social relationships and ecologies that are supportive of, or resistant, to contemporary Ta Moko
Mouri Tu, Mouri Moko, Mouri Ora! Moko as a wellbeing strategy
No full textThis research has been undertaken within the Health Research Council funded International Collaborative Indigenous Health Research Partnership (ICIHRP) program, “The role of resiliency in responding to blood borne viral and sexually transmitted infections in Indigenous communities”. Some Indigenous communities in Australia, New Zealand and Canada have been shown to experience higher rates of blood borne viral infections. There are a number of categories of health intervention that have been shown to be effective in prevention and enhancing access to treatment for blood borne viral infections, including various forms of health promotion, enhanced diagnostic and treatment services, and harm reduction measures related to injecting drug use. The present research was undertaken with the understanding that development of effective responses of this kind among Indigenous people would benefit from a better understanding of the social and cultural factors that might protect against these infections and their consequences. It is argued that such factors are linked in various ways to Indigenous resistance and resiliency, which is described as the means by which people choose to make use of individual and community strengths to protect themselves against adverse health outcomes and enhance their health and wellbeing.
In this thesis I explore how people and their identity are affected when you are part of a marginalised or vulnerable population – namely, Māori women who have contracted the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). I argue that traditional knowledge and healing practices are central to Māori getting well and keeping well, and that the use of cultural frameworks and practices have potentially restorative, therapeutic and healing values that are not yet researched or understood by the health field. I argue that a Māori framework of wellbeing, namely ‘Mana Kaitiakitanga’, provides the context in which tā moko (Māori traditional tattoo) fits naturally as a healing intervention. I share the stories of Māori women with HCV who have applied this (tā moko and other forms of tattoo) in their lives and in their journeys back to wellness. Tā moko is a process that penetrates the flesh and marks the skin; it is a process that involves both blood and pain, which may seem incongruous with healing. It is argued however that through pain comes understanding; through pain comes a RE-membering of strength; through pain comes joy; and finally through marking comes identity of who we are and how well we have been and can be again.
Issues and intersections of identity, marginalisation, gender, health, and wellbeing are at the forefront of this research story and of the journeys of the three women whose case studies are presented in this thesis. What makes this thesis unique is that it researches all three of these potential cornerstones of health: identity; wellbeing (spiritual and emotional), and physical wellbeing, in relation to a specific health problem, namely HCV. It is intended that this work will add power to what might be viewed as a particularly Indigenous solution to a virus that disproportionately affects our Indigenous population. This is not about rejecting Western health solutions, but it is about recognising and returning to Indigenous health solutions
Banana Moko disease management with resistance inducers and chlorine dioxide
Get PDFThe plant disease Moko, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is the most important bacterial disease in banana and plantain crops worldwide. In the present study, chlorine dioxide and seven resistance inducers in banana plants (Musa sp.) infected with this bacterium were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. For the evaluation of chlorine dioxide, three doses were used (10, 30 and 50 mg L-1). The evaluation of the resistance inducers included the following: sodium salicylate 0.4 g L-1; hydrogen peroxide 1 mM; potassium phosphite 1.5 mL L-1; 3-aminobutanoic acid 1.0 g L-1; methyl jasmonate 0.2 g L-1; acibenzolar-s-methyl 0.3 mL L-1 and chitosan 3.0 mg mL-1. The results showed a significant reduction of 74% in the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) value, which was calculated for the disease development when the injected chlorine dioxide dose was 50 mg L-1. The AUDPC value for the resistance inducers was reduced by 45.4% for chitosan, 75.5% for methyl jasmonate and 65.5% for 3-aminobutanoic acid. Therefore, the results indicated that these molecules have the potential to be used for control of the Moko disease
Use of LA-ICP-MS to analyse dental enamel in order to locate the geographical origin of teeth
No full textThe investigation reported here involved the analysis of possum tooth samples by Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to determine whether or not the data obtained from the elemental composition of the dental enamel was sufficient to differentiate samples according to their geographical origin. The possum jaws were processed, and the teeth removed and cleaned and mounted on slides before analyses could be carried out. A LA-ICP-MS method was developed in order to obtain data for the tooth enamel. This involved optimising specific laser parameters, such as laser spot size, laser power, and acquisition time. It was also essential to determine the best calibration standard for the project, which proved to be NIST 612. Data was collected from samples from across ten different regions. The data was statistically analysed by Principal component analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). It was found that some regions overlapped in the PCA, meaning they could not be 100% separated however, many regions could be distinguished, and it was determined, by that using LDA, 75.75% of the samples could be correctly grouped into their regions of origin. A further analysis was conducted once several regions were removed (for historical or statistical reasons), which greatly improved the results. 82.9% of the samples could be placed into their region of origin
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Levantamento da ocorrência do Moko da bananeira em Rondônia: primeira atualização.
Get PDFEste trabalho visa fazer uma atualização dos dados de ocorrência da doença, Moko-da-Bananeira, considerando as análises feitas entre julho de 2007 e junho de 2010
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Characterization of Ralstonia solanacearum race 2 biovar 1 associated with moko disease of banana in Peninsular Malaysia
Get PDFMoko disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum race 2 biovar 1 (R. solanacearum R2Bv1) is a major disease affecting banana (Musa spp.) production. Although local reports suggested that this disease is widespreading in Malaysia, characterization of R. solanacearum strains associated with Moko disease in this country has not been done. This study was conducted to isolate, identify and characterize R. solanacearum R2Bv1 of Moko-causing strains in Peninsular Malaysia. During March 2011 to June 2012, 170 banana plants associated with Moko disease and adjacent soil samples were collected in 12 different locations of five outbreak states in Peninsular Malaysia comprising Kedah, Selangor, Pahang, Negeri Sembilan and Johor with disease incidence exceeding 80 % in some severely affected plantations. All 197 isolates produced fluidal colonies that were white to pink coloration after incubation at 24 to 48 hours at 29 °C on Kelman‘s TZC agar medium and were divided into two defined colony type, the B and SFR types. These isolates appeared as Gram-negative rods after Gram-stain, and positive for potassium hydroxide (KOH), Kovacs oxidase, catalase and lipase activity on Tween 80 solution tests. In biovar determination, only 30 isolates displayed characteristics of biovar 1 R. solanacearum, which was negative for utilization of disaccharides and hexose alcohols. Tobacco hypersensitivity assay revealed all isolates elicited hypersensitive response (HR) at 12 h after infiltration, suggesting that they were of race 2. In preliminary pathogenicity study, all 30 isolates were virulence towards three Moko most affected local banana cultivars namely Musa paradisiaca cv. Nipah, Musa paradisiaca cv. Tanduk and Musa acuminata cv. Berangan cultivars with diverse degrees of virulence; highly virulent, moderately virulent and weakly virulent with isolate NS-N1 as the most virulent, while isolates Ked-KN4 and Ked-KN5 were classified as weakly virulent. Musa paradisiaca cv. Nipah (ABB triploid) significantly exhibited the highest degree of severity to R. solanacearum, followed by Musa paradisiaca cv. Tanduk (AAB triploid) and Musa acuminata cv. Berangan (AAA triploid). Moreover, statistical results revealed there were relationships between geographical origins of isolates and their severity, with the most and the lowest severity was related to isolates from Johor and Negeri Sembilan. This study represents the first evidence on the introduction of R. solanacearum biovar 1 associated with Moko disease of banana in Peninsular Malaysia. Partial 16S rDNA sequence analyses disclosed that all 30 isolates of R. solanacearum biovar 1 were clustered to the published R. solanacearum biovar 1 related to Moko-causing strains from the Philippines (MOD5 and R633) with 91 % Bayesian posterior probability support and completely different from Ralstonia syzygii (R. syzygii, S444E), blood disease bacterium (T520) and the outgroup strain, Xanthomonas spp. (55485). Meanwhile, phylogenetic analyses further demonstrated that all strains were grouped with 100% posterior probability support to the published R. solanacearum race 2 insertion sequence gene, ISRso19 (AF450275). Phylotype-specific multiplex PCR (Pmx-PCR) showed all strains belonged to phylotype II displaying a 372 bp amplicon. Phylogenetic analyses of endoglucanase (egl) sequences clustered all 30 strains into phylotype II/4, together with the reference sequences strains from Peru (UW129, UW162 and UW163) and Colombia (UW070). Bioinformatics analysis of pooled rep-PCR fingerprinting method defined two major groups; cluster 1 (sub-group A and B) and cluster 2 (sub-group C), with 35 % average similarity coefficient within these two clusters. The sub-groups in cluster 1 were represented by strains from Kedah, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and Johor; while cluster 2 sub-group was represented exclusively by strains of Pahang. This is indeed the first time that genetic diversity of R. solanacearum R2Bv1 has been characterized in this country, where rep-PCR technique clearly distinguished clonal lineages of Moko-causing strains in Peninsular Malaysia. These findings provide constructive documentations on R. solanacearum R2Bv1 in Malaysia, since banana has been identified as the second most important commercial fruit crop with a high economic value in this country
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