15 research outputs found
Sales, purchases and stock system / Mok Chee Hoe
No full textLike any other general accounting software, Sales & Purchases Recording System is designed in such a way that it fir into use of different types of organizations. It consists of an accounting database which stores all information regarding the organization’s trading status. Since it should fit to any types of organization, Sales & Purchases Recording System has the capability of allowing multiple users to create their own database files and gain access to them. The software is one of dynamic file allocation in which users can specify and create their own database files. Records inside those files are also of preference of the users. As the software allows multiple users to create their own files, security becomes the main issues. Sales & Purchases Recording System tackles this problem by implementing password protection in which only authorized users can gain access to their files. This is to ensure that the files are kept safe and secure. The software provide features to generate the following accounting modules: Sales Transaction Journal, Purchases Transaction Journal and Inventory Management Modules. All those modules will be automatically generated after the users have closed their accounts. These reports are certainly based on the information of accounts keyed in by users. The software is one with Graphical User Interface (GUI) and is Windows-based application. It provide good interface design with visual clues to help users better understand the software
Design and development of a utility information and usage tracking software application
No full textNowadays, smartphone plays an important role in people’s everyday life.
Information is easily obtained through the applications on their mobile devices. As
one of the major mobile platform in the market, Android open-source operating
system, opens many possibilities that could change the way of how people receive
information.
The objective of the final year project is to develop an Android application which is
able to create water and energy conservation awareness in Singapore and enable
users to view and track their monthly utility bills right from their Android devices.
The project covers two main aspects. Firstly, to create interactive application which
users are able to view information through straight and simple interfaces. Secondly,
to provide billing services via users’ Android devices where users are able to view
their current month utility bill and past six months bill records. The development of
this application goes through the process of design, implementation and testing.
The outcome of the project met the objective of providing conservation awareness
information to the users through simple interfaces and users are able to view their
current bill records as well as past six months records. However, there are some
limitations that need to be improved on and more features could be added. Through
this project, the author picks up Android application development and how to
implement communication between the application and the web server.Bachelor of Engineerin
The prevalence of visual defect among commercial vehicle drivers in Selangor, Malaysia
No full textA cross-sectional survey of commercial vehicle drivers who were renewing their own licences was conducted at the Selangor Road Transport Department office in Padang Jawa between 1 February 2002 and 28 February 2002, using questionnaire and medical examination. The objective was to determine the prevalence of myopia, colour vision deficiency and visual field defect among the commercial vehicle drivers. The respondents that reported visual defect at the time of interview was compared with those detected by the author through medical examination. Out of the 223 respondents, 21 (9.4%) reported to have myopia by the questionnaire survey. Through the visual examination there were 63 (28.3%) with myopia (visual acuity worse than 6/12), six (2.6%) had a visual field defect and 14 (6.3%) had red-green colour deficiency. The visual defect detected during the study among the commercial vehicle drivers,which were missed at the time of the routine medical examination were significant. The process of the statutory medical examination should be reviewed
The 1961 Kampong Bukit Ho Swee fire and the making of modern Singapore
No full textBy 1970, Singapore’s urban landscape was dominated by high-rise blocks of planned public housing built by the People’s Action Party government, signifying the establishment of a high modernist nation-state. A decade earlier, the margins of the City had been dominated by kampongs, home to semi-autonomous communities of low-income Chinese families which freely built, and rebuilt, unauthorised wooden houses. This change was not merely one of housing but belied a more fundamental realignment of state-society relations in the 1960s. Relocated in Housing and Development Board flats, urban kampong families were progressively integrated into the social fabric of the emergent nation-state. This study examines the pivotal role of an event, the great Kampong Bukit Ho Swee fire of 1961, in bringing about this transformation. The redevelopment of the fire site in the aftermath of the calamity brought to completion the British colonial regime’s ‘emergency’ programmes of resettling urban kampong dwellers in planned accommodation, in particular, of building emergency public housing on the sites of major fires in the 1950s. The PAP’s far greater political resolve, and the timing of and state of emergency occasioned by the scale of the 1961 disaster, enabled the government to rehouse the Bukit Ho Swee fire victims in emergency housing in record time. This in turn provided the HDB with a strategic platform for clearing other kampongs and for transforming their residents into model citizens of the nation-state. The 1961 fire’s symbolic usefulness extended into the 1980s and beyond, in sanctioning the PAP’s new housing redevelopment schemes. The official account of the inferno has also become politically useful for the government of today for disciplining a new generation of Singaporeans against taking the nation’s progress for granted. Against these exalted claims of the fire’s role in the Singapore Story, this study also examines the degree of actual change and continuity in the social and economic lives of the people of Bukit Ho Swee after the inferno. In some crucial ways, the residents continued to occupy a marginal place in society while pondering, too, over the unresolved question of the cause of the fire. These continuities of everyday life reflect the ambivalence with which the citizenry regarded the high modernist state in contemporary Singapore
Space-filling single square and square fractal grids induced turbulence: Reynolds stress model parameters-optimization
No full textThe employment of grid-induced turbulent flow structures as a passive means of augmenting solid-fluid heat transfer is receiving considerable attention, especially in HVAC applications. However, there presently exists a gap in simulation approaches, where industry-accessible CFD packages are unable to accurately express crucial second-order turbulent flow statistics generated by space-filling single square grids (SSGs) and square fractal grids (SFGs). The present study reports a successful application of a revised Reynolds Stress Model (RSM), which accurately replicates the streamwise distributions of centerline mean flow velocity and turbulence intensity in the lee of one SSG (operating under three different flow Reynolds number ReDh) and five geometrically different SFG test cases after undergoing Nelder-Mead downhill simplex optimization of key RSM kernel parameters. The optimized RSM presents a disagreement of, at worst, 4.30% and 9.98%, respectively against experimental hot-wire anemometry measurements of first-order and second-order statistics, and is the first known instance of the RSM being validated for turbulence intensity predictions of SSG- and SFG-induced turbulence. Examination of RSM parameters reveals that the pre-factors for the rates of turbulence dissipation production and destruction (C1,ε and C2,ε) hold greatest effect on simulation accuracy, with additional optimization of the turbulent viscosity pre-factor (Cμ) required for SFG cases. This is attributed to the effect of enhanced turbulent transport due to the cascading and multiscale nature of SFG turbulence, which insofar could not be replicated by Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) models. The values of optimized C1,ε, C2,ε, and Cμ range between 1.057 to 1.697, 2.226 to 2.556, and 0.17 to 2.27, respectively. This leads to the largest deviation of −26.6%, 33.1%, and 200% for C1,ε, C2,ε, and Cμ, respectively, when compared to their corresponding default values. With regards to the sensitivity of this parameter set on grid design, it is shown that the grid's fractal iteration number N and thickness ratio tr have greatest influence on the variation of C1,ε, C2,ε, and Cμ, while the effect of ReDh is insignificant. Overall, this study presents an alternative approach to capture the anisotropic and inhomogeneous nature of SSG- and SFG-induced turbulence for industrial heat-transfer applications via an accessible RANS package, which was previously constrained to expensive DNS and LES studies.</p
Evolving Asian Power Balances and Alternate Conceptions for Building Regional Institutions
No full textThe paper aims to examine economic interdependence and balancing power politics, and their mixed implications for regional institution building in East Asia based on the concept of common security. By pointing out the gap between the violent conflict prediction and the stability and prosperity reality following the end of the Cold War, the paper gives analysis to the factors affecting the security relations in the region, including (i) the role of the US, (ii) the rise of the PRC, (iii) ASEAN's efforts at regional cooperation, the (iv) the PRC–Japan rivalry. The author concludes that economic interdependence and regional cooperation in Asia have constrained a power struggle from spiraling out of control, while open regionalism has become a reasonable approach to regional institution building. Finally, the paper makes policy recommendations with respect to principles and steps in moving to a new regional security order.East Asia; Regional Cooperation; Power Politics; Balance of Power; Regional Institutions; Common Security
Interleukin-28 Polymorphism: Ethnic variations and the response to chronic hepatitis C treatment in Malaysia
No full textWe refer to the article by Merican, which provides a
comprehensive overview of chronic hepatitis C (CHC)
management. The author highlighted the concern over the
exorbitant cost of direct-acting antivirals, which is the reason for their limited use in Malaysia currently. Based on the findings of the previous studies, the author also underlined that Asians receiving the conventional, interferon-based treatment generally have a higher sustained virological response (SVR) rate as compared with Caucasians and African Americans, mainly due to the interleukin-28B (IL28) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) across different ethnic populations. Nonetheless, to date, information on the variations in IL-28 genotypes among different ethnic groups in Malaysia is still limited
Optimization of Reynolds stress model coefficients at multiple discrete flow regions for three-dimensional realizations of fractal-generated turbulence
No full textThe quantification of global turbulence statistical moments generated by grid turbulators is crucial for the enhancement of conjugate heat transfer in industrial thermo-fluid systems. As such, there is a need for precise, low-cost alternatives to numerically model three-dimensional flow dynamics of fractal-generated turbulence (FGT) behind multilength-scale square fractal grids (SFGs), in contrast to previously-reported direct numerical simulations. In this study, a numerical framework consisting of multiple applications of the Reynolds stress model (RSM), each employing its own distinct set of optimized coefficient values, is developed by segregating an FGT flow domain into its production and decay regions with Nelder-Mead optimization on key coefficients then performed independently for each region. The flow fields predicted by such RSM framework achieved overall disparities below 3% and 13% w.r.t. reported experimental measurements of mean velocity and turbulence intensity, respectively, considering the evolution in the flow domain along the streamwise, vertical, and spanwise directions. This is therefore the first documentation of any RANS-turbulence model being validated for mean velocity and turbulence intensity predictions of FGT in all three-dimensions. Thereafter, this proposed RSM framework is generalized to predict industry-relevant turbulence statistical moments of four additional FGT flows. The predicted centerline-statistics are verified against reported experiments, and the findings potentially enable realizations of FGT induced by arbitrary SFGs without relying on a posteriori validation while eliminating further reliance on the Nelder-Mead optimization algorithm on a case-by-case basis. The findings indicate a potential to apply the model coefficients as continuous functions of space to simulate the entire FGT domain. Overall, the accurate and numerically sustainable realizations of FGT in 3D provide valuable insights to engineer potent fluid-solid heat transfer via passive turbulence management within HVAC systems.</p
Scoping review: Exploring the relationship between chrononutrition and glycemic responses in the adult population
No full text10.1080/07420528.2024.2360742Chronobiology International416904-92
English botany, or, coloured figures of British plants, with their essential characters, synonyms, and places of growth. Volume 6
No full textJames Sowerby was an English naturalist, illustrator and mineralogist. He studied painting at the Royal Academy in London. This is the second of his illustrated volumes of English botany, issued in parts from 1790 to 1814. The work is in thirty-six volumes with more than twenty-five hundred hand-colored plates. An enormous number of plants were to receive their first formal publication within this work, but the authority for these came from the initially unattributed text written by James Edward Smith.i‘ \u27 ht ee are, e { i Airiewceretite. tr, a ai URGE» bg 8? — 1 eo oT. en . cea f ae a >S oN a a eet an be 5 ie ee sae UTAH Ss Bee terse eee NS Pe ieee LIBRARY Pp oO. UNIV ER SITY - § *, D2BG rT % 5) ay 7iv Chie ; POOL t Oia Cie ay auren PNP URI eae cerectte nt PRLS CaO COL Chee no Chee leee ae we 9, DIES 90, DKS? 8 oo DGS SESE . * Claae - os satin > = Ly oa 7 Shs: pe tee pie cage PS Fad) ne) ae rede > a GB) a2 Lee rc) 220, ace ¢ ao) , pe Bae ba CSP 2 TD, se eee iC) Hg i . ais a . : ares ee CS G Be Po ; Cie ee Chae ‘ ee IEC °°, DKS ) arnt! Se Cie Bor eS Oe - Cia Phy ie Oli ; DES, DES DKS 2 - DG 2 \EF ae) ing a EF ue be a7 Ban eyA47°S, 78 e ene QA’, aaa Be is © oD 5KG Shs “3, OR, ces L enue COLOURED DB 00 SRITISH oe DOG ae FIGURES OF , One One . - . Pea, GCM PL ENGLISH-.-BOTANY; PLANTS WITH THEIR ESSENTIAL CHARACTERS, SYNONYMS, AND PLACES OF GROWTH: ERT7) My JAMES \u27 = Gy A OF EDWARD THE IMP, BE ADDED, REMARKS. z OF LISBON, LUND, M.D. NATURZ STOCKHOLM, UPSAL, THE OF LINNZ THE TURIN, AND THE PARIS; AN SOCIETY. Pe) OF SOCIETY F-R.S. CURIOSORUM, PHILADELPHIA, HIST. PRESIDENT Py SMITH, ACAD. ACADEMIES NAT. RY viv j 5 , WILL BY MEMBER Oa THE JAMES oom0 ete Pe ee) FIGURES BY SOWERBY, VIRESQUE ACQUIRIT KUNDO.” hele ee m———— F.LS. Virg. SS VOL. VI. Me a i Oe ae LONDON: DK PRINTED FOR THE EDITOR, And sold at No. 2, Mead Place, near the Asylum; by Messrs. Wuire, Booksellers, Fleet-street ; JouNson, St. Paul’s Church-yard ; Ditty, in the Poultry; and by all Booksellers, &e. in Town and Country. YY) Cue Or at 1807. ale reg ee a ee BC C aks rr [ Printed by Richard Taytor and Co. Shoe-Lane.] TP 4340W WHICH OCCASIONAL Ra ren TO AGE 0g DEG re oe DKS Hoe DK Cy ae APO Se a) IAG le) oe SS OF ad Uo! 0g THES OO, DES Mg DIES a ay HKG ° = Wier oe) >) Ate po , a ees 9, DEG 8g JAE] P84 DEG “0g FASO )5e Pe D7is JIE (s M9, DIG on 26, i en) a nee Olin ° = S\N Pog ASS 00 DKS 90. DMS PoCreeDHKG 0 DHS 7*8,. e) O)A4A7°%*, yA a7 rt ENT a ne Ae 7° S65 oc) SIND 4 “BQ07AV\u27\9Ct Pa. o AS IE cee cet, nei AA DT OT cnn) LO rant Cee 1p4 . t re, an Che 1 ory EOL re A5 oC 5 u any a G Rg Phe) . nie See! Ee ey MOY ice aS 6) ed) IO Pa PR spe Sea%) ae CE a) AO OTT ATT 2a OR aoe] ACME TEP, TN RST 4 eCo* NMC ORE DENT OO — Oe CD OM OL Cee rs r ra ry r es , q 8 DRC 5 5 DKS MEQ oe *8, DAC rey ee 5 Ate hsperi i tSee eeeG)si-7°°e, sO) © bor Af 0) 2s ee ane rey ie Sap ee ee ar Cit ted Oh iid -¢ yes Le 5 Cte See en F Sen . eS CCi hes Cis ie SO ee clin ie es Ca ier Chane @\ a" 779 R CN EY ca eyNuEr>s ibe mee ORs ide Ola ae . EE) OT pi YIN : cts a) Lr I filed Selita ae Pots lad eRe eee OO 6) al IG Se, O- eS Seer abe a) » Pe 4 ny ( *89, 2) 7rnae a BARTSIA Bartsia. =>4 ny \ Alpine alpina. 204, D5KG DEE002) DIDYNAMIA ROL aCe Le ee he tie Pes 7 — aM Cuar. Calyx in 4 lobes, coloured. Cor. ringent, with a contracted orifice: upper lip notched, concave, longest; lower in 3 nearly equal lobes. Caps. ovate, compressed, with 2 cells, and many angular seeds. Spec. Cuar. Leaves opposite, heart-shaped, bluntly serrated. Syn. Bartsia alpina. Linn. Sp. Pl. 839. Huds. Fl. Mn. 267. With. Bot. Arr. 633. Dicks. H. Sice. fasc. Cy a io i o | ~~. which If wild recent our specimens drawing was taken, of this very rare plant, from were gathered July 27, 1796, near Middleton in Teesdale, Durham, by the Rev. Mr. Harriman, and Mr. Oliver surgeon, of Middleton, and sent us by our liberal correspondent Mr. E. Robson. Ray and Hudson found this Bartsia near Orton in Westmorland,and Mr. Dickson first observed it in Scotland. It prefers a moist stony soil, on the borders of alpine rills, or little boggy spots in the interstices of rocky precipices, flowering after the middle of summer, and soon ripening its seed. The root is perennial and creeping. Stems from 4 to 8 mches high, erect, simple, square, clothed from top to bottom with several pair of opposite sessile leaves, which are ovate or heart-shaped, acute, strongly serrated and veined, smooth above, hairy beneath; the lowermost are very small; the uppermost coloured with purple, and out of the bosoms of these the flowers arise solitary, on very short flower-stalks, forming a terminal leafy spike. The calyx is viscid and hairy, in 4 nearly equal segments, tipped with purple. Corolla of a violet purple, thrice as long as the calyx, compressed, clothed with glandular viscid hairs ; the lower lip reflexed. Anthere prominent, very hairy. Style projecting beyond the stamina, with a blunt stigma. Capsule ovate, downy, of two valves, with a transverse partition arising from each. Seeds numerous, angular, -) OY a x} rat Cf ay Mer Phd POR Chr ee EOL I IPT 5) VU a Lv Chie TT) : eet Tue 5 with membranous striated angles, more akin to those sa CeO Rhinanthus than to those of Melampyrum, with which genus the flower of Bartsza has great affinity. of last The whole herb turns yery black in drying, especially when C Ce >) gathered young. . , >P AP. ra es | >ae P ed NO aR 8 eS lt) | 10. 14. Euphrasia rubra Westmorlandica, foliis brevibus obtusis. fai Syn. * 235. Clinopodium alpinum. Ger. em. 676. ay eK Hee DEG “ood ’ Angiospermia. Gen. pretla °20, “Ee, SOO ©)5l2r°°O,. eed Ss? DAG SF Aes PO DAG be NE ne Ck Cie iea Pe Se Cie ee ee oO eee STE Od s id > Oe “ oy . id IK (> “*,.. orn f 1 . PS ¢ Nl RL aE 2 ” OVA ee ga) 2 fies. Rae ot OE Ci eOL a CR eK iia ey eet) ECR DE a) cheer eee 6). aaa a ° OE Ns os Cie ed (s ** Re a ses Cl csCee rok 3(5°%,D gs “72 KG %.. > we ae or > 4 ee NS .€) od a v2 *)% "856. wart \ “Pwo Re SS Oi the > Cie ihe SC itr aie Clin Cli ei Tw BV(5°%0, YHECo 995, 5G(5 0g DIES 0. JING ad a Ld edPA 89, nea Pr eS) rw ats Che Ole } ms DOR ted BSrs) Cae Spindle-tree. a Pad) PENTANDRIA eK Gen. Cuar. cells, and (Ch covering. ss aA “4 “%o,.0) 965, OKC ee Gm ® RY)y “S 9 a 77) oh eC gd late i 5 oy+6 eee ox Oety U a "iv cs t Seeds in a pulpy produce HEDGES and thickets in most parts of England in mounthis shrub not unfrequently, though it rarely occurs The flowers appear early in May; the tainous countries. the autumn, when it continues to ornatill ripen not does fruit is frement the hedges, even after the leaves are fallen, and and quently joined with holly and miseltoe to adorn houses churches at Christmass. s, This is a small shrub, with straight spreading branche nt which are angular when young, having four slightly promine ; lines running down them; but these are not always visible Leaves nearly opposite, on their bark is green and smooth. pair short footstalks, lanceolate, pointed, serrated, the first axillary, only being entire. Stipulze none. Flowers in small, first of forked, divaricated panicles, whitish and fcetid; the capetals, many as and stamina, five having opens them that fours lyx-teeth, and capsules; but all the rest have those parts in ns eT The style is short, simple, and acute. wood, cut Capsules pink- eG NEA) # oe aa a ay ee, in summer-time, 13 tough, and used for skewers. Linnzus observes that it makes the best charcoal to draw with. i, a Ce e ie __ oe ee 96. as sf Aye “i PS Pe A co : ae a wth , Se ) e only. coloured when ripe, bursting at their outer edges, and each cocell containing one whitish seed, enveloped in an orangeloured pulpy coat. This fruit 1s reported, even from the days of Theophrastus, to be violently emetic, purgative, and danto gerous. That author asserts the leaves to be poisonous cattle, especially goats, unless they be copiously purged. Dr. Withering says: Cows, goats, and sheep eat this plant. The aL = ar EL Capsule with 5 angles, 5 5 valves, coloured. ett — Cae 1 Petals 5. Monogynia. Petals mostly 4, acute. Leaves on short Spec. CHAR. Branches smooth. footstalks. Huds. us. Linn. Sp. Pl. 286. europz mus Euony Syn. Relh. Cant. With. Bot. Arr. 241. Fl. An. 98. sSibth. Ox. 82. 96. faa Syn. 468. E. vulgaris. ROE f europeus. EUONYMUS etChee pe Pe) Oea A ha) ene t Pee es, iO oy s IEC ° °) SA Cf id) Bie ei ied Cie PS Ly ey 7sCM Pe IC OLY iad " ea Ll OS ee OS . “ 6s, Dats a Ee (eS rT Pe @O\AY47°%° S28 ip iN ree KG re a Het 09,9 Me oD One EC des One oy ee yO aC)Chine re, 7 s ae = AC ae) P po P PT OL AC Miike Cras) 7N CR Ge chi eae NSieORO of Pipe 19 ROS hees $ alOE 4 ACRE ka oO seg °%e rat ier aC} WrSLL as oh id al. ae *gs PL PO 9 iC) aa mre sats pts Pee ois VA Ne ro -4 & cS ts ys a ed awa f°s, So >I A5 Cee ae 0, Ta ae Chan ay nm G °P0, DEG °°, 7 is P= te sy 2 SEC on as) » Be ‘el C0,rs) ROL a) Mr al Cs \S a TS ae a fistulosa. Beach OB@NANTHE n 4 ao a ad Common Water-dropwort. Digynia. ee PENTANDRIA G aby) .A 7 Gen. Cuar. sile and barren. Chea Sprc. CHAP. er Syn. seslorets irregular: those of the disk Fruit crowned with the calyx. Root sending forth runners. pinnated, cylindrical, tubular. for the most part, wanting. Oenanthefistulosa. Linn. Sp. Pl. 365. 4 SMO) cme With. Bot. Arr. 296. Fl. An. 121. 98. Ox. . Sibth 117. O. aquatica. Raii Syn. 210. Huds. Relh. Cant. cv 7a) Stem-leaves General involucrum, rr) ponds and rivers, EXcEEDINGLY common in wet ditches, Ss a) OL v 7 and perennial, sending flowering in July. The root is fibrous s, by which it is inforth under water several creeping runner stems to a consider= hing branc creased, and throwing up tall riZ Si able height above the surface. These stems are tubular, con- glaucous hue. Radical tracted at the joints, striated, of a -shaped and lobed : leaves bipinnate; the leaflets flat, wedge s and common footleaflet their e; stem-leaves alternate, pinnat long, strong, alter= on s Umbel . hollow and stalks cylindrical l rays from 3 to 7 oF 8, nate stalks, lateral and terminal: genera with one linear leaf of hed mostly naked, but sometimes furnis rays, and a partial many with s umbel an involucrum: partial . bg L NS es A a 6 eee hoe Oat Uv iv ‘Che Pry involucrum of several membranous leaves. Calyx-teeth sharp Te Paes Chai ot wv a) Petals very unequal, with incurved and always spreadmg. after impregnation much elonStyles points. Stamina long. ng umbels a bur-like apripeni the giving erect, gated, and Stigmas capitate. pearance. Dr. Stokes The variety 8 of Hudson is a vety trifling one. the habit s acquire species this ns situatio some in observes that by the want of O. pimpinelloides, but may be readily known We presume this remark alludes to of a general involucrum. our QO. peucedanifolia, see t. 348. . my p . PT Fe oa’ ag “ive le te ae ter mt | Ss0,/77i¥ al ee eae 4 eo e ee ic Or *%05) eC sae s a SY Oe Te PN4 A Ziv Cee 73 ame am Mn . | S 0. JEG Sy nat a =) Hae vi> bs 3 6) er be ee 0 DEG LJ a fi a,e A = sdtte ( |“Gye ° BieGAs "S5 ee bedo> ae a Cie oF ‘9, "> nS Piy S a Ce i) ew no ae ry Tie | Ces by® “~ - ee | MNre} Os 8e/% “ tg) SF :Bleis Oe) oad Pe oF at Aae .C) "ac, & ) 3 S * 3,ee Ces Ses, ast WSK %s Ree ee) oe 6. Gere 2K " 85 DEG IES 92, 90, DES rw P ‘ MH (5°P0, DIK #35. | 05, a6S e eee ad ao Oke ee Sd ‘ Oe ie v as & f 364] a) » 4 ry nD) al a Ns 7 hte as Ro Ch eed, s 7) a (sre DCS HOTTONIA palustris. Water Violet or Featherfoul. Pee) = ¢ Grn. Cuan. PENTANDRIA Monogynia. Corolla salver-shaped. Stamina standing CS OL Ca DE CML ‘a Capsule with 1 cell. on the margin of the tube. Stalk bearing many flowers in whorls. Spec. CHarR. Huds. Linn. Sp. Pl. 208. Syn. Hottonia palustris. Cant. 83. FI. An. 85. With. Bot. Arr.207. Relh. Curt. Lond.-fasc. 1. t. 11. Dichs« Sibth. Ox.\u2773. H. Sicc. fase. 7. 7Hottonia. Rati Syn. 285. E14 ] LS ries ly soil, in various CLEAR ditches and ponds on a gravel with the beautiful d adorne ntly freque are d, parts of Englan admired exotics most the of many with vie Hottonia, which may ean aquatics, Europ other some like , in elegance, having indeed h name, Water very much the air of 4 tropical plant. Its Englis con- ao i? i 7 My% IG, A 4 —Ce or 3 eh Oe pe ST me Pa wr a RO Peo aC Ce Pe a] iC hr) Ys oe L) Che ON ar AI Ceo One tees a Ja, Chae, Se any Chae ox Oia es _ far from apt, even though we understand it as is Hesperis, to which trasting this plant with the Dame’s Violet, or none, for it belongs its resemblance is slight, and its affinity Pimpernel. to the same natural order as the Primrose and the ground, and into deep run s radicle fibrous white The several leaves in a from the crown of the perennial root spring are leafy and which s, runner long few a and star-like form, year. The next the ing flower ities, extrem take root at their and deeply pinnaleaves are smooth, bright-green, elegantly and entire, varying tifid, or pectinated, their segments Jinear All these parts are constantly under water. in breadth, acute. the height of 8 or 10 The stalk alone rises above the surface to smooth below, inches, being solitary, erect, round, naked, each of 5 to 10 , roughish above, and bearing 5 or 6 whorls a at the base of pedunculated flowers, with an oblong bracte those of a Priunlike not are s flower The . -stalk each flower be found with 6 or mula. They are naturally 5-cleft, but may is pale purple, colour Their a. stamin many as 7 segments, and with many ar, globul e Capsul . orifice and tube with a yellow Stigma concave. seeds standing on a large globose receptacle. It flowers in June. predecessor in Boerhaave named this genus in honour of his whose character the Leyden Professorship, Peter Hotton, of Index to the and abilities he speaks with great respect in his Leyden Garden. Violet, Ls te ee Pe Pee >ia a | ote ae) > ied rime a 7 os Air , G\si.7°%® a G cy © Ci he > at, = P Clik Siti Cia he Ch las eG totSSK (5 °Pa, a) a-,eSTe ee r pag, B® a, NS. NT corey ne} ee rae) @) NA ee %5,, JON 95 rs td Re a) rae) Q\reres 3 ne J a7 a | BL Ob uv Tee) lho a Rea ie ROL AC Pra) o¢ Ee VAs POL ya KG oO ns IC) Pry a 5 . ae ae a eD) v G tes. ¢ to IN \ 4 7°6, OP e.” “i iC rn a SAU S Ohta (a°%e,, a) Rey IO a) ae Ce aE TOOL aC) . Poe) al Ror len RSs ‘= P20, JHEG Pag Slr %Oe S)S47°Pe, Cre lee, ae eae Canes Poe C1 © id I A6@ ta) ee ae te Pr ENEWS 1 Cie Pee KG °° 2 Jacl . : — , “Cae d7els Mo DIK (> 886) DEC 28s, CY 96, DHS, DCA DC. € 4 > ry a! Pad . eat Sa LY ees ~ 7 oe DHE PIAS aD DAES, DHG J a rove wn ~ Se = ‘ ch) ne “Poa IAG M90 IEG M8 DE s = A co weer LC) PD) RS gh Lr ry ae pre C\Ap Pe SO) [ ) nf “On, 2) aC are mA ct Oat Cis ey ha YE(5°%0, es oy =) iS Cts SKC eae bd Cian Othe J toe ee A B r o%, OD CR ter COR tteCite te PRI * 7 e ‘ ee Cte led = Cte Pd we wer y 0, DIES a DIG DES DIES 05 Chee eC) 995, E59 es ” é a _ i \ 4b pad He Cs *e5.5 ry) ais © 7 *o.9) SG cf we ro v ss als "ele pee ° Ve a *)S "Seed a ae Se ing says cows are extremely fond of it; yet we know not that it has as yet obtained much attention from the experimental farmer. os | a ars ee le “Ta Se te et CR, ed i tlh Rg en ee . SS ree a ‘a ee AS tee eat ed he ae ee ota ee ‘ Ce Jacle el Dd “Ca. *)>le Se °%, 9). ie De a © ie eee Ale aL ag, HG, DSc, ie i DRC OR 00 DEC SH e oC 94, DES wi. 0 DHS DAS 90gPa DEC 0, (5*00, SSCSDIC 99 9 DAES \u27 4 eB DIG M05 : 9 ING a 2% ono a Pe am rea Na ee T MTG = ‘, PRO Cte iL CBee, 4 / Qo ial YT mY 5 V a NS el A Pe re re foo (2°%e,5) rw “Ww he a a0) tO As Te a , re Pe C7 i “oes eg) v7 2) ~ a ke GD Vien Lad) a a / 6 J Pea aS | TELAT be * ii _ 2 Ee ae ee ey AM AS ~ Ch ee ths ee 5 Oe er GS i i OR te oe Ale CY od a Te nC aa, Ki eS oe "a. Hey ANS Se. “OSEQ"* Sd Sc id > te 5 Ci Site " SC ied Pie ed = — Cte ee a ase. ns : S72 6 be ws 90,, Oa . DAES Pn, aNre) Dg , DIES } 4N\9 “Sax DIES Fvid 00, Doo® Mea ae Bg 2 Peis a, Ne eae AEC EYbaa) eC) pee % > iS La bor a oY ee flavum. Meadow-rue. RS Oia ROL SOR > @« y Syn. Cuar. 0,2 “ers Ie | ~ mils, | Bm | wel. A N/\]\ SAZ / pt 1251. e Rati Syn. 203. ee. Root yellow, perennial. | Ger. em. and on the banks of rivers Stem-2 or 3 feet high, upright, HAL eo G* simple below, smooth, so strongly furrowed as to be almost angular, leafy. Leaves alternate, twice compounded in a ternate order: their common footstalk with a short sheathing base. and a toothed intrafoliaceous stipula; leaflets either undivided or three-cleft, entire, varying much in breadth and sharpness, veiny, glaucous beneath. Panicle terminal, erect, much branched, leafy, composed of many yellowish-white flowers, with yellow anther. Petals 4, Germens sessile, PaO 6 64
