77 research outputs found
Attention-Emotion Interactions in Psychopathy
No full textThe present study was designed to test an etiological model of psychopathy that re-conceptualizes the attentional and emotional deficits associated with the disorder in an integrative framework. The sample consisted of 63 justice-system involved individuals who were recruited based on their scores on the Psychopathy Checklist-Screening Version (Hart, Cox, Hare, 1999), a widely used and well validated measure of psychopathic traits. Event-related brain potentials and startle reflex magnitude were collected while participants heard blink eliciting noise probes and viewed unpleasant and neutral pictures matched on visual complexity from the International Affective Picture System (Lang et al., 2005). These psychophysiological indices were used to measure basic affective and attentional effects of the stimuli on neural processes. Two dimensions of psychopathic traits were examined, specifically the affective-interpersonal dimension and impulsive-antisociality dimension, given evidence that they index potentially separable sets of risk factors for the manifestation of psychopathy and antisocial behavior. Results indicated the affective-interpersonal dimension is associated with: (1) enhanced sensitivity to attentional load as demonstrated by larger visual N1 to picture onset for high- than low-complexity images, (2) reduced emotional processing of unpleasant compared to neutral pictures as measured by the late positive potential, and (3) an interaction of these two phenomena indexed by reduced fear-potentiated startle during high-complexity pictures. In contrast, the impulsive-antisociality dimension was associated with decreased sensitivity to picture complexity in visual N1 and auditory N1. The findings suggest that psychopathy is a heterogeneous construct that is not characterized solely by an emotional or attentional deficit, as the literature has historically assumed. Rather, it is characterized by multiple, interactive cognition-emotion deficits that manifest differentially across the psychopathy dimensions.Item withdrawn by Alexis Thompson ([email protected]) on 2011-04-19T15:49:58Z
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Energy and Comfort Improvement in Architecture and Urban Planning using SOLARCHVISION
No full textZugleich gedruckt erschienen im Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin: ISBN 978-3-7983-2675-0; ISSN 2193-6099Aufgrund der Verfügbarkeit von Energie, Materialien und Technologien erhöht sich der Wohnkomfort in Gebäuden weltweit. Jedoch stehen wir auch vor dem Problem, dass Gebäude und Städte für einen hohen Anteil des weltweiten Energieverbrauchs verantwortlich sind. Umweltverschmutzung, Wärmeinseleffekte, Klimawandel und globale Erwärmung sind nur einige der vielen Herausforderungen, mit denen die menschliche Rasse, ebenso sowie alles weitere Leben auf der Erde, in Zukunft umgehen muss. In absehbarer Zeit wird diese komplexe globale Situation gründliche, ganzheitliche und örtliche Eingriffe erfordern. Dieses Buch richtet die Aufmerksamkeit auf die Sonne und dadurch auch darauf, wie ein solarklimatisches Konzept die Architektur und Stadtplanung beeinflussen und verbessern kann.
Es ist vielleicht noch nicht entdeckt worden wie klein unser Planet doch eigentlich ist und wie groß der Einfluss einer einfachen Entscheidung sein kann, aber vor allem ist es wichtig, dass die Sonne eine wichtige und immer währende Rolle in unserer dynamischen Atmosphäre spielt und dies als Grundlage bei der Suche von Lösungsansätzen erkannt und angewandt wird. Neben Architekten, Kunden und Bauherren sowie Planern, Kommunen und allen anderen Personen die Entscheidungen über die Planung treffen, spielen die in den Gebäuden und Städten Lebenden auch eine Rolle, nicht als Nutzer, sondern als Erzeuger und Betreuer, und auch sie haben eine gewisse Verantwortung. Daher sollten alle Optimierungen neuer Bauten, Modifikationen von Bestandsgebäuden und Stadtstrukturen auf globaler Ebene Bezug auf die Sonne und auf zukünftige Bedürfnisse nehmen. Das Ziel sollte es sein, die Energieeffizienz, Gesundheit, Komfort und Sicherheit in allen Lebensräumen, ob drinnen oder draußen, zu verbessern. In dieser Hinsicht sind die Analyse der aktuellen Situation, die Prognose zukünftiger Szenarien und die Entwicklung intelligenter Alternativen grundlegende Schritte.
Der Einsatz von modernen Baustoffen und Technologien sowie Simulationswerkzeugen kann die Energieeffizienz und Leistungsfähigkeit eines Gebäudes verbessern. Es ist jedoch wichtig zu verstehen wann, wo und wie sie am besten in der architektonischen Gestaltung angewendet werden können, um ein ansprechendes Layout mit einer hohen Leistung für eine Vielzahl von architektonischen Aspekten zu erreichen und in Bezug auf Energieeffizienz, Tageslichtversorgung und internen Komfort ein optimales Ergebnis zu erzielen. Obwohl heute viele schon das Anbringen von Solar-Kollektoren und PV-Modulen auf Gebäudedächern und Fassaden als "Solararchitektur" betrachten, ist dies nur eine der komplexen Aufgaben in diesem Feld der Architektur. Tatsächlich beinhaltet die Solararchitektur die gesamte Komplexität der Architektur auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen. Außerdem hat sie sehr genau auf bestimmte Sachverhalte zu reagieren, welche aus den vielerorts aktuell geringen Energiekosten anderer Energiequellen resultieren. Neben der Reduzierung von Baukosten sollten andere wertvolle Verbesserungen, resultierend aus solar klimatischen Überlegungen, im Entwurf hervorgehoben und verglichen werden. In der Tat kann eine Optimierung verschiedener Elemente während des Design-Prozesses, wie z.B. Solarflächen, Baukörpern und Bäumen, nicht notwendigerweise die Baukosten steigern, jedoch dabei helfen unnütze oder überdimensionierte Elemente zu identifizieren.
Neben der Verbesserung der Energieeffizienzaspekte einzelner Gebäude kann eine zuverlässige integrierte solarklimatische Planung zu weiteren Qualitäten der Lebensräume führen. Überall auf der Welt müssen wir uns auf mehr und mehr schockierende Nachrichten und jährliche Rekordwerte vorbereiten, wenn weiterhin viele Gebäude mit wenig Aufmerksamkeit auf die Sonne gebaut werden. In Stadtteilen auf urbaner Städteebene kann die unzureichende Analyse und unklare Entscheidungen über Baukörper und Orientierung die Potenziale und Leistung interner und externer Räume im Bezug auf Energieproduktion, Energiebedarf, Tageslicht, Gesundheit, Komfort und Sicherheit auf lange Zeit beeinflussen.
Dieses Buch enthält ein Jahrzehnt SOLARCHVISION Praktiken darüber, wie die Architektur und Stadtplanung mit dem konstanten Weg und den variablen Auswirkungen der Sonne an jedem Standort angepasst werden kann. Das Teilen dieser Vision kann Architekten, Stadtplanern und Kunden helfen, zielgenauere Entscheidungen über energie- und klimarelevante Fragen zu treffen. Nach der Vorstellung grundlegender Diagramme zu verschiedenen Städten auf der ganzen Welt (z.B. die Sonnenwege, Sonneneinstrahlung und Temperaturmodelle), wird die Rolle eines intelligenten Designs für die Gebäudehülle beschrieben und analysiert im Hinblick auf die Suche nach einer guten Verbindung zwischen Außen und Innen, sowie die direkte und indirekte Nutzung von Sonnenenergie auf verschiedenen Gebäudeflächen. Diese Untersuchungen können neue Ansichten und Strukturen für die Erbauung intelligenter Gebäude und anpassungsfähiger Städte hervorbringen.Thanks to the availability of energy, materials and technologies, the level of comfort in buildings is increasing around the world. However, today we are also facing buildings and cities that are responsible for a high percentage of global energy consumption. Pollution, heat island effect, climate change and global warming are just a few of the challenges that the human race, as well as other living matter on earth, will have to deal with in future. Moreover, as time goes by, we may not necessarily live in healthier conditions with better life styles. Within a limited period, this global and complex situation will need thorough, integrated and local surgery. This book is designed to draw greater attention to the sun and how a solar-climatic vision can influence and improve architectural design and urban planning.
It may not have been discovered yet how small our planet is and how big the effect of a simple decision can be, but it is nevertheless important to be reminded of the sun not only as a powerful and perpetual actor in our dynamic atmosphere but also as a basis for figuring out a variety of adaptive solutions that must be identified and followed. In addition to the changes made by architects, clients and builders as well as planners, municipalities and all other persons who make decisions on plans, the role of those who live inside buildings and cities, not as users, but as producers and maintainers, also bear a certain degree of responsibility. Therefore, the optimization of new constructions, the modification of existing buildings and urban fabric should be considered on a global scale in regard to the sun as well as our future needs. The aim should be to improve energy-efficiency, health, comfort and safety in all living spaces, whether indoors or outdoors. In this respect, the analysis of the current situation, forecasting future scenarios and the development of intelligent alternatives are fundamental steps.
In terms of energy efficiency, daylight provision and internal comfort, the use of advanced building materials and technologies as well as simulation tools can improve the building envelope and its performance. However, it is important to understand when, where and how they should best be applied to achieve an intelligent form as well as a responsive layout with a high level of performance for other essential aspects, too (e.g. structure, view, operation). Although today many consider “solar architecture” the attaching of solar thermal collectors and PVs to building roofs and facades, this is only one of the complex tasks which should be integrated in the design. In fact, solar architecture incorporates all the complexities of architecture on different scales. Besides, it has to respond accurately to certain issues resulting from the currently low price of other energy sources in many locations. In addition to the reduction of payments, other valuable improvements associated with solar-climatic considerations in the design should be clarified and compared. During the design process, an optimization (i.e. re-arrangement, re-orientation, re-sizing) of different elements, namely solar surfaces (i.e. transparent/opaque surfaces, shading/reflecting devices, collectors), building volumes and trees, does not necessarily increase the construction costs but can help identify deficient or over-designed elements.
Alongside improving the energy efficiency aspects of individual buildings, a solar-climatic vision in planning can lead to other qualities for the benefit of small and large-scale living spaces, whether indoors or outdoors. Around the world, we must be prepared for more shocking news and annual records if many continue to build buildings, whether cheap or expensive, with little attention to the sun. In neighborhoods on an urban scale, the insufficient analysis and inaccurate decisions regarding building volumes and orientation can affect the potentials and performance of both internal and external spaces in terms of energy production, energy demand, daylight, health, comfort and safety for long periods of time.
This book includes a decade of SOLARCHVISION practices on how architectural design and urban planning can be adapted by the constant path and variable effects of the sun in each location. Sharing such a vision can help architects, urban planners and clients to make more accurate decisions concerning energy and climate-related matters. After presenting fundamental diagrams in different cities around the world (e.g. the sun paths, solar radiation and temperature models), the role of an intelligent design for the building skin is described and analyzed in terms of finding a good relation between outside and inside as well as the direct and indirect collection of solar energy on different building surfaces. This research can bring about new appearances and structures for the creation of smart buildings and responsive cities
SOLARCHVISION Studies on Young Cities Project
No full textZugleich gedruckt veröffentlicht im Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin unter der ISBN 978-3-7983-2550-0.The natural as well as the artificial environment affect a building’s energy balance. Together with the vegetation and water bodies, these natural and artificial features produce microclimatic conditions that not only influence the energy-related aspects, but also the comfort conditions of a building. Alongside the effects of the natural environment in a microclimate, buildings interact on behalf of the received solar radiation and both the wind direction and speed; with the solar radiation, however, being the most influential factor. Buildings in an urban complex can, on the one hand, overshadow each other at different times of the day and year; on the other hand, they can reflect solar radiation and thus generate greater incidence on different surfaces, which is one of the key factors characterizing a building’s energy balance. In order to minimize the heating and cooling energy demands in continental climates, the building envelope (especially the transparent parts) must generate maximum solar gain during the heating period and minimum solar gain during the cooling period. The amount of solar heat reaching the different surfaces of the building’s thermal envelope at different times of the day and year depend on the orientation of each surface as well as the shading created by the surrounding natural and built environment. The urban form of a neighborhood unit, a building cluster and an individual building affect the solar heat gain both in regard of the surfaces’ orientation (orientation and form) as well as the urban form and composition of the neighborhood units, and influence the shading between buildings. Due to the fact that incident solar radiation play a positive role in winter but a negative one in summer, only the intensity of solar radiation incidence on the outer surfaces of a building throughout the whole year cannot contribute in an energy-efficient design. Therefore, the SolarVision has combined the amount of solar radiation and the air temperature as an energy-related factor. This factor presents the advantageous and disadvantageous characteristics of any surface from the viewpoint of received solar radiation at different times. This factor can be calculated and plotted for different surfaces in neighborhood units or for single buildings. The decisions that can be made based on this factor in urban planning and building design lead to energy-efficient buildings. The SolarVision analysis can contribute to energy efficiency in different scales from urban scale up to building and detail scale. Since the analysis of the urban and building form by SolarVision is a planning and design tool for energy efficiency, it does not increase the investment costs of the buildings since no further material or technology is needed. After a scientific introduction to SolarchVision analysis, this Young Cities Research Brief analysis the commercial mixed-use as well as New Generation Office Building regarding the intensity and duration of received solar radiation in different seasons
ECONOMIC RAMIFICATIONS OF SOCIAL SECURITY: THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
No full textThe theoretical and the empirical analysis of the economic effects of social security will not always produce ambiguous results. The present study, which deals with the impact of social security on capital accumulation and the incidence of a social security payroll tax, supports the above statement.The theoretical analysis of the present study shows that the optimum method of financing social security, in a life-cycle growth model, depends on the relationship between the rate of interest and the rate of population growth. The theoretical analysis of this study also discussed the implication of private myopia and the consequences of maximizing a "paternalistic" rather than an "individualistic" utility for a representative individual. Finally, the incidence of social security payroll tax is theoretically examined in a partial as well as in a general equilibrium context. Conditions under which labor may bear "less than" or "greater than" 100 percent of the tax are examined too.In the empirical analysis, it is shown that the impact of social security and pension on aggregate private saving is inconclusive. However, with respect to the incidence of social security payroll tax, the present study supports the idea that the burden of the tax will be borne by labor and capital as well. This result is obtained by applying a "partial" tax on labor in the corporate sector of Indian economy as a representative of the developing countries as well as by applying econometric models to the United States economy as a representative of the developed countries.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 44-06, Section: A, page: 1874.Ph.D. American University 1983.Englis
Evaluating Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Ventilation Treatment of Patients with COVID-19: A Review
No full textThe prevalence of COVID-19 in the world is rapidly increasing. Although some patients show mild symptoms of the virus, some others need special care due to the exacerbation of the disease. Therefore, invasive treatments are needed to treat these patients. Data were collected from PubMed and Google scholars at various time points up to the 2020 academic year. The related keywords are listed as follows: "COVID-19", "Treatment", "Pathogenesis", and "Lung disorder". Studies have shown that although the use of ECMO and ventilation can provide oxygen to patients and improve their clinical status; these procedures can lead to the activation of inflammatory responses and the activation of the renin-angiotensin system. Inflammation and activation of the renin-angiotensin system are among the weak prognoses for COVID-19-infected patients. ECMO and ventilation treatment procedures are like double-edged swords, and monitoring patients during treatment is essential to prevent renin-angiotensin activation.
*Corresponding Author: Zahra Gatavizadeh; Email: [email protected]
Please cite this article as: Hybar H, Samimi A, Maniati M, Jodat J, Gatavizadeh Z. Evaluating Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Ventilation Treatment of Patients with COVID-19: A Review. Arch Med Lab Sci. 2020;6:1-6 (e16). https://doi.org/10.22037/amls.v6.3355
Using Cox Model on Tempo and Influential Factors in Women of Bahram Abad Village
No full textObjective: Tempo is the average waiting time to next birth for a woman. Role of fertility as the most important phenomenon determining population fluctuations due to the studies of it compared with other demographic phenomena be important and review the multifarious socioeconomic factors of it share a large effective population studies. General purpose of this study is fitting the Cox model to determine factors that influence the birth of second child and too calculate the tempo in second to eight births on Bahram Abad rural women.
Materials and methods: Population under study are all married women with 15-45 years old that live in Bahram Abad village's and have had at least two children. This study is a cross sectional study. In the present study birth of each child is considered as a disaster and because survival data generally have not symmetrical distribution then the Cox regression model (Proportional hazard model) is used for effects of variables on survival and hazard.
Results: In this research 228 mothers were studied and they have had 669 children. Mean number of children is 3and 42% of these children are girls and others are boys. Maximum tempo is from labor fifth to labor sixth (63.32) and the least is from the sixth to seventh of childbirth (57).
Conclusion: In the final model from available variables only the age difference of parent had a positive impact on tempo
Sustainable Environmental Design in Architecture – Impacts on Health, the Variety of Problems and Problems of the Variety
No full textProverb Stories
No full textLouisa M. Alcott's "Proverb Stories" is a collection of short tales, each written to illustrate a specific proverb or moral lesson. Penned in Alcott's characteristic didactic yet earnest style, these stories aim to instill virtues such as honesty, patience, diligence, and kindness in young readers. As indicated in the preface, the collection gathers "waifs and strays" written by the author at different times. The narratives typically feature young protagonists facing moral dilemmas, guiding them toward the "correct" ethical choice. The work reflects 19th-century American morals and pious values, exemplified in stories like "The Spirits of the Bells," which concludes with themes of "Peace on earth, good will to men".Louisa M. Alcott'un "Atasözü Hikayeleri" adlı eseri, her biri belirli bir atasözünü veya ahlaki dersi ("proverb") örneklemek amacıyla yazılmış kısa öykülerden oluşan bir derlemedir. Alcott'un karakteristik didaktik ancak samimi üslubuyla kaleme alınan bu hikayeler, genç okuyuculara dürüstlük, sabır, çalışkanlık ve nezaket gibi erdemleri aşılamayı hedefler. Önsözde belirtildiği gibi, bu koleksiyon, yazarın farklı zamanlarda yazdığı "başıboş" ("waifs and strays") metinleri bir araya getirir. Hikayeler genellikle ahlaki ikilemlerle karşılaşan genç kahramanları konu alır ve anlatı, onları "doğru" etik seçime yönlendirir. Eser, "Yeryüzünde barış, insanlara iyi niyet" ("Peace on earth, good will to men") gibi temaları içeren "Çanların Ruhu" ("The Spirits of the Bells") gibi öykülerle, 19. yüzyıl Amerikan ahlak anlayışını ve dindar değerlerini yansıtır
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Children's Cancer and Transplant Hospital: a Micro Town within a Bubble
No full textAs the greatest considerations in health-care design have traditionally been functional —hygiene, efficiency, and flexibility for changing technology— hospitals have evolved to become dehumanizing spaces. In this thesis two specific groups of chronically ill children who have among the longest inpatient stays are studied: cancer and organ transplant patients. Being under immunosuppressive drugs, these children are physically vulnerable thus are kept completely isolated. These long stays and isolation can be very depressing for them. This thesis undertakes the challenge of designing a fully isolated space that doesn’t feel like one or in other words “a micro-town within a bubble”. The author intends to achieve this goal through strong visual connections, natural lighting, and creative space planning.Master of Architecture (MArch
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