1,721,070 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
European and French social partners and diversity at the workplace
No full textDépourvu de définition et de cadrage juridique, le concept de la diversité au travail se cristallise à travers les actions des partenaires sociaux. Depuis l’accord national interprofessionnel du 11 octobre 2006 sur la diversité, les accords collectifs en matière de diversité se multiplient et les instruments du droit souple (la Charte et le Label Diversité) attirent l’attention de grandes entreprises. Nous retraçons les actions des partenaires sociaux français et européens afin de définir le concept de diversité au travail et son apport. Nous constatons la corrélation entre les intentions des partenaires sociaux et la nature des mesures de diversité : politique managériale, outil du droit souple ou véritable disposition de lutte contre les discriminations, la diversité peut se manifester différemment selon les souhaits des acteurs qui la mettent en place. L’effectivité juridique de ces instruments renvoie à l’examen des possibilités de suivi et de contrôle, un rôle à nouveau confié aux partenaires sociaux. L’emploi des éléments chiffrés pour « quantifier » la réussite d’une démarche en matière de diversité demeure un sujet controversé.With no definition or legal framework, the concept of workplace diversity manifests through the actions of social partners. Since the national interprofessional agreement of 11 October 2006 on diversity, collective agreements on diversity have multiplied and soft law instruments (the Charter and the Diversity Label) have attracted the attention of large companies. We retrace the actions of the French and European social partners in order to define the concept of diversity at work and its contribution. There is a correlation between the intentions of the social partners and the nature of the diversity measures: managerial policy, social responsibility tool or genuine anti-discrimination provision, diversity can manifest itself differently according to the wishes of the actors who launch it. The search for the legal effectiveness of these instruments leads us to the examination of monitoring and control systems, a role entrusted to the social partners. It raises the controversial question of using statistics to measure the effectiveness of diversity instruments
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
False appearances in the employment relationship : comparative study of French and Polish law
No full textLa thèse décrit l'essentiel de la notion de la simulation. La première partie sert à la description des dispositions du droit du travail qui permettent d'appliquer le droit civil dans le rapport d'emploi. En le faisant une analyse des vices des déclarations d'engagement dans le sens du droit polonais et les vices du consentement dans le sens du droit civil français est envisagé ensemble avec l'analyse des conceptions de la simulation et les critères du contrat de travail selon deux systèmes juridiques respectifs. La première partie contient également la description des contrats qui permettent aux parties de cacher le rapport du travail. La deuxième partie parle des conséquences de la simulation dans les relations de travail et analyse les différences entre la simulation et la fraude. La description des moyens disponibles dans la bataille contre le contournement des règles du droit du travail mène aux remarques de lege ferenda en proposant l'adoption des solutions disponibles dans le droit polonais.The dissertation describes the essentials of the concept of simulation. The first part describes the labour law provisions that make it possible to apply civil law in the employment relationship. By doing so, an analysis of the defects of the declarations of commitment in the sense of Polish law and the defects of consent in the sense of French civil law is envisaged together with the analysis of the concepts of simulation and the criteria of the employment contract under two respective legal systems. The first part also contains a description of the contracts that allow the parties to hide the employment relationship.The second part discusses the consequences of simulation in labour relations and analyses the differences between simulation and fraud. The description of the means available in the battle against the circumvention of labour law rules leads to the remarks de lege ferenda by proposing the adoption of the solutions available in Polish law
The acknowledgment of multiple discriminations in french employment law : inventory and prospects
No full textLa non-discrimination est une notion en constante évolution. Elle se doit d’être réceptive aux nouvelles formes discriminatoires vécues par les travailleurs afin de garantir un niveau de protection juridique conforme aux exigences internationales et nationales. En ce sens, les discriminations multiples sont un parfait exemple. Il s’agit de situations dans lesquelles interviennent et interagissent plusieurs motifs prohibés. Or, le concept de discriminations multiples, issu des sciences sociales, n’est théorisé en droit que depuis les années 1980. Si elles sont inconnues du droit positif, la doctrine et la pratique tendent à souligner la nécessité de leur reconnaissance juridique. Saisies par le droit du travail, elles posent de nombreuses questions quant à leur définition et leur mise en oeuvre. Leur étude va permettre de délivrer une approche différente de l’exigence de non-discrimination en droit du travail mais également des objectifs de diversité en entreprise.Anti-discrimination law is always evolving. It must be receptive to new types of discrimination against workers to guarantee a level of legal protection consistent with international and national standards. In that sense, multiple discriminations are a perfect example. They take place when several protected characteristics occur and interact with each other. The concept of multiple discriminations arises from social sciences but has only been legally theorized since the 80s. If French law does not consider them, jurisprudence and practice tends to underline the necessity of a legal acknowledgment. Seized by employment law, multiple discriminations pose many questions with regard to their definition and implementation. Nonetheless, studying them offers a different approach to the duty to not discriminate at work, and to insuring diversity in the workplace
Professional equality in road passenger transport : an impossible balance ?
No full textLa mise en œuvre de l’égalité professionnelle femme homme en entreprise est impulsée depuis plus de 50 ans par les évolutions réglementaires, législatives et conventionnelles, soit spécifiques à l’égalité entre les femmes et les hommes, soit dans un contexte plus général de non-discrimination.Nous sommes sans doute encore loin d’une application optimale de « l'égalité » femme homme, tant cette notion est source de controverses et de fluctuations. En revanche, des interrogations subsistent, notamment dans la sphère professionnelle.Dans le cadre de cette thèse, l’étude portera sur la négociation collective relative à l’égalité professionnelle, dans les sociétés de Transport Routiers de Voyageurs (TRV). Il s’agira d’identifier les freins entre l’obligation qui leur est faite de négocier sur ce thème et les difficultés à se saisir de ce sujet comme objet de négociation. La singularité de ce secteur d'activité et le peu d’études menées dans ce domaine ont été de nature à motiver notre démarche.The implementation of gender equality at work in companies has been driven for more than 50 years by regulatory, legislative and contractual changes, either specific to equality between women and men, or in a more general framework of non-discrimination.There is no doubt that we are still far from an optimal enforcement of "equality" between women and men, as this concept is such a cause of controversy and fluctuations. However, questions remain, especially in the work area.Within the frame of this thesis, the study will focus on collective bargaining for gender equality at work in road passenger transport companies. This work aims at identifying the obstacles between the obligation for women to negotiate in this area and the difficulties in owning this topic as a means of negotiation. The uniqueness of this sector of activity and the few studies carried out in this particularly area motivated our approach
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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