1,720,969 research outputs found
Patterns of mental health symptoms, violence exposure, and health service utilization among adolescents: results from the healthy Allegheny teens survey
Get PDFIntroduction: Mental illness is widely known to be a serious public health concern. This study attempts to examine area-level differences in mental health symptoms, violence, and health utilization services. It also explores any demographic differences in the above measures across age, sex, and race.
Method: The sample comprised 1813 teenagers aged 14-19 residing in Allegheny County completed the Healthy Allegheny Teens Survey via telephone interviews. Differences among variables of interest were examined using categorical data analyses. Binary and multivariate logistic regression models were used to test associations between variables of interest.
Results: Significant differences across age, race, and sex were found for the above variables. For area-level differences, Medically Under-served Areas and municipalities with high homicide rates reported greater disparities in mental health symptoms, experiences with violence, and health service use. Measures of violence remained significant even after adjusting for age, race, and sex.
Public Health Significance: This study is the first of its kind to examine adolescent mental health across Allegheny County using an area-level perspective. Future interventions can be designed to target specific areas of the County which report the greatest need. These findings can also guide the local health policy decision-making process and result in efficient distribution of public health resources
Applications of Meta-Analytic Approaches to Inform Estimates for the Global Burden of Mental Disorders
No full textThesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2021University of Washington Abstract Applications of Meta-Analytic Approaches to Inform Estimates for the Global Burden of Mental Disorders Modhurima Moitra Chair of the Supervisory Committee:Pamela Y. Collins, MD, MPH
Department of Global Health
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Mental disorders are some of the most important contributors to disability and indirectly to mortality worldwide. Despite the existence of effective interventions, treatment coverage for common and highly prevalent mental disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD) is remarkably low. Given the important role mental disorders play in contributing to health loss, it is important to develop improved population-level estimates of the burden of mental disorders that may better inform resource allocation and prioritize prevention and treatment for mental health. The process of developing population-level estimates such as those from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study typically involves thorough reviews of the available evidence and application of appropriate methods to arrive at usable estimates of the global burden of mental disorders. However, certain challenges exist in this process. Available data may be derived from a variety of study settings or constrained to select locations that may contribute to bias in existing population-level estimates. Additionally, important components of MDD care such as treatment coverage and efficacy that will likely alter the known burden of MDD have not been systematically quantified in the recent literature. To this end, this work utilizes a meta-analytic measurement framework to address these limitations in three areas that are important for developing better estimates but remain relatively unexplored to date. First, a comparative assessment of the risk of suicide associated with mental disorders is conducted via an updated systematic review and updated meta-regression methods. Second, the efficacy of available interventions for MDD are explored in a novel network meta-analytic approach to better account for between-study heterogeneity. Third, an updated systematic review and Bayesian meta-regression analysis of treatment coverage data between 2000 and 2019 was conducted to obtain treatment coverage estimates for six modalities of MDD care across income levels and geography. The work reported here collectively provide more accurate estimates that may inform the larger process of developing burden measures for mental disorders. There are several important implications of this work. Updated estimates of the risk of suicide associated with mental disorders may better inform population attributable fractions for suicide and subsequently fatal burden associated with mental disorders. Incorporating estimates of treatment efficacy and coverage for MDD may potentially inform us about the burden of MDD that can be reduced or altered in the presence of adequate and effective treatment. Overall, this work represents emerging areas in global mental health that can inform evidence-based benchmarking and priority setting to reduce the global burden of mental disorders
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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