1,720,959 research outputs found
Biocentryzm i marksizm: Blochowska koncepcja życia i "Duch Utopii"
Full text linkThis article argues that Ernst Bloch’s (1885-1977) early philosophical development was profoundly influenced by a biocentric perspective that dominated European culture in the decades around the turn of the twentieth century. Biocentrism covers a range of artistic and intellectual currents united by a commitment to embodied life, the natural world, and the insights of the flourishing biological sciences. Despite the clear filiations between biocentrism and völkisch and fascist ideologies, as this article demonstrates, Bloch combined aspects of biocentrism with a Marxist viewpoint in an attempt to counter his political opponents—even as that meant occasionally moving in the same conceptual territory.Tekst dowodzi, że wczesny rozwój filozoficzny Ernsta Blocha (1885-1997) był znacząco zainspirowany biocentryczną perspektywą, która zdominowała kulturęeuropejską na przełomie wieków. Pojęcie biocentryzmu obejmuje szeroki zakres zarówno artystycznych, jak i intelektualnych nurtów, które jednoczy zainteresowanie wcielonym życiem, światem naturalnym, a także myślą rozkwitających nauk biologicznych. Pomimo jasnego pokrewieństwa pomiędzy biocentryzmem i volkistycznymi, a także faszystowskimi ideologiami – jak pokazuję – myśl Blocha łączy w sobie pewne aspekty biocentryzmu z marksistowską perspektywą, próbując zmierzyć się ze swoimi politycznymi oponentami, nawet jeśli czasami oznacza to poruszanie się po tym samym terytorium pojęciowym
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Review of Adrian Johnson, Prolegomena to Any Future Materialism Volume 2: A Weak Nature Alone (Northwestern UP, 2019)
Full text linkA Weak Nature Alone is the (sub-)title of the second instalment of Adrian Johnston’s tripartite series Prolegomena to Any Future Materialism. The aim of the Prolegomena project is to ‘establish the foundations for a new materialist theoretical apparatus’ (2013 xi) – which Johnson dubs ‘transcendental materialism’ – drawing on Hegel, Marx, Lacan, and contemporary analytic philosophy (particularly Anglo-American neo-Hegelianism) in order to provide an ontology (volume 2) and theory of the subject (the yet-to-appear volume 3) that is atheist and science-oriented.
At the end of Volume 1, The Outcome of Contemporary French Philosophy (2013), Johnston left us with a statement of what his transcendent(al) materialism consists in. The somewhat (deliberately) unconventional transcendentalism of his materialism rests on the idea of ‘the subject as transcendent-while-immanent vis-à-vis the sole, Otherless plane of lone physical being’ (2013: 178). In other words, subjectivity is of matter, and cannot (or at least, does not) exist without it, is not something separate from it (in other words matter is a condition of possibility for the existence of subjectivity). Johnston’s transcendental materialism is materialist, therefore, in the specific sense that it requires subjects to think the real conditions of possibility of the emergence of subjectivity in non-conscious matter (2013: 179). It is transcendental in that it ‘affirms the immanence to material nature of subjects nonetheless irreducible to such natural materialities’ (2013: 178)
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
The Politics of Prophecy: Reformation Memory and German Exceptionalism in Weimar Thought
Full text linkIn the German-speaking world, the memory of the Reformation has often been closely connected to the theory of German historical exceptionalism, the idea that Germany’s historical development took a ‘special path’ (Sonderweg) to modernity. Yet considering how much attention has been paid to the question of a German Sonderweg and the significance of Weimar as a turning point in the story, scholars have paid little attention to the ideology of exceptionalism in the Weimar Republic itself. This article contributes to the historiography of the Sonderweg debate by examining the complex ways in which the poet Hugo Ball (1886-1927) and the philosopher Ernst Bloch (1885-1977) traced a narrative of German exceptionalism back to the Reformation era. It argues that these writers appealed to the intellectual and political legacies of the Reformation in an attempt to explain the formative events of their own time: the First World War, and the Russian and German Revolutions. The divergent ideological conclusions they drew reveals much about the conflicted atmosphere of Weimar thought, in which German intellectuals struggled to bridge the gap between crisis and tradition
Casting a Picture
Full text linkDrawing on Walter Benjamin’s concept of the dialectical image, this paper reads Ernst Bloch’s utopian Heimat figure as poetically staging the temporal dialectics of materialist history. Bloch combines romantic, messianic and materialist temporalities in a critique of the modern progress narrative, which inscribes historicity in the mere next-ness of each now. The continued oppression, exploitation and alienation of human beings under conditions of modern capitalism stands as testimony to the falseness of this assumption. Far from the simplistic teleology with which materialist theories of history in general, and Bloch’s in particular, have so often been identified, utopia as Heimat sets up a complex spatiotemporal matrix which fixes the present as the locus of possibility of transformative action. Only by activating the unfulfilled claims of the past in the interest of a more just future can human beings occupy utopia: that is the meaning which I argue Bloch’s Heimat image brings to bear on contemporary materialist thought and practice.À partir du concept benjaminien d'image dialectique, cet article lit la figure utopique du Heimat, présente chez Ernst Bloch, comme une mise en scène poétique des temporalités dialectiques de l'histoire matérialiste. Bloch combine les temporalités romantique, messianique et matérialiste dans une critique du récit moderne du progrès, qui inscrit l'historicité dans la linéarité d'une simple succession temporelle. Le caractère durable de l'oppression, de l'exploitation et de l'aliénation des êtres humains au sein du capitalisme moderne témoigne de la fausseté de cette vision des choses. À distance de la téléologie simpliste à laquelle les théories matérialistes de l'histoire en général, et celle de Bloch en particulier, ont si souvent été identifiées, l'utopie comme Heimat développe une matrice spatio-temporelle complexe, au sein de laquelle le présent est le lieu où une action transformative est possible. C'est seulement en activant les revendications inaccomplies du passé dans l'intérêt d'un futur plus juste que les êtres humains peuvent occuper l'espace de l'utopie. Tel est, à mon sens, la signification que prend l'image blochienne du Heimat pour les réflexions et les pratiques matérialistes contemporaines.En el marco del concepto de imagen dialéctica de Walter Benjamin, el presente artículo busca leer la figura utópica del Heimat en Ernst Bloch, como en emplazamiento poético de las dialécticas temporales de la historia materialista. Bloch combina la temporalidad romántica, la mesiánica y la materialista en una crítica al relato moderno del progreso, que inscribe la historicidad en la mera prolongación de cada presente. La continua opresión, explotación y alienación del ser humano bajo las condiciones del capitalismo moderno se exponen como testimonio de la falsedad de esta visión de cosas. Lejos de la teleología simplista con la cual las teorías materialistas de la historia han sido a menudo identificadas, tanto de modo general como también en Bloch, la utopía como Heimat plantea una matriz espacio-temporal compleja que fija el presente como un lugar donde una acción transformativa es posible. Sólo en la activación de las reivindicaciones incumplidas del pasado en miras a un futuro más justo, los seres humanos pueden ocupar la utopía: este es el significado que aporta, a mi parecer, la imagen del Heimat vista en Bloch, para las reflexiones y las prácticas materialistas contemporáneas
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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