4,918 research outputs found
BlrInflowNetwork_Manohar and Mohan Kumar 2013.inp
No full textBangalore Inflow Network Data; used in : Manohar, U., & Mohan Kumar, M. S. (2013). Modeling equitable distribution of water: Dynamic inversion-based controller approach. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 140(5), 607-619.</div
Bibliographics for the 983 eprints in the live archives of E-LIS : trends and status report up to 7th July 2004, based on author-self-archiving metadata
No full textThe priority for ideas and philosophy related to "Network Theory" have been traced back and documented by Braun(2004),and credit goes to Karinthy(1929).The IT has empowered to realise it, as the most practical phenomena and it is no more a humour. The OAI (Open Archives Initiatives)and ACIS (Academic Contributor Information System)are progressive in the direction ,which may lead to realise the "Collective Genius" at global level. Focus of present study is on Author-Self-Archiving (A-S-A)Metadata of the 983 Eprints in the Live Archives of the E-LIS (EPrints of Library and Information Science),which were approved till 7th July 2004.The A-S-A Metadata was used for librametric analysis. Self-explanatory bibliographics are illustrated.The highlights include: Conference papers (34%); highest approval, June 2004 (28%); published archives (76%);not refereed (52%); not in public domain (60%); highest self-archiving-author (De Robbio, Antonella).The Nos. of EPrints having single JITA domain specifications were: Theoretical and general aspects of libraries and information(27); Information use and sociology of information(80);Users,literacy and reading(13);Libraries as physical collections(30);Publishing and legal issues(57);Management(13);Industry, profession and education(36);Information sources, supports, channels(113) ; Information treatment for information services, Information functions and techniques (101); Technical services libraries, archives and museums(25); Housing technologies(1); Information technology and library technology(92); and Inter-domainery (395) i.e. having specifications of two or more than two JITA classes
Scientometric portrait of Nobel laureate Leland H. Hartwell
No full textLeland H. Hartwell was honoured with the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (2001) at his 62 years age and at 41 years of research publishing career. The first contribution of the author was in 1961 at the age of 22. The number of his contributions in a year peaked in 1997 when it touched 8. He had 108 publications during 1961 – 2001 in domains: Molecular Biology of Cell Cycle Regulation (43), Genetics of Cell Division (48), Genomic Re-arrangement and DNA Repair (9), Molecular Genetics of Yeast Cell Fission (5), and Drug Target Interaction (3) which were analysed for authorship pattern with his 101 collaborators. Most active researchers having number of publications with Leland H. Hartwell were : Weinert, T. A. (10), Garvik, B. M. (8), McLaughlin, C. S. (8), Jenness, D. D. (5). His productivity coefficient was 0.76 which clearly indicates that his productivity increased after 50 percentile age. Highest collaboration coefficient (1) for Leland H. Hartwell was found during 1963-1965, 1968-1969, 1977, 1981-1983, 1985-1990, 1996 and 1998-2001. Journals have been the most preferred channel of communication where, as many as 96 papers out of 108 have been published. The core journals publishing his papers were: Cell (14), Genetics (12), Mol. Cell Biol. (8), J. Bactariol. (7), J. Cell Biol. ( 7), Science (7) J. Mol. Biol.(6), Exp. Cell Res. (5), and Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.(5). Publication density is 2.63 and Publication concentration is 14.63. Most prolific keywords in titles of publications were: Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Yeast , Cell division cycle , RAD9, DNA Damage , Genes , Cell cycle, Genetic control , Check point (s) , Cell division , Mutant of Yeast
Mapping of literature on Bose – Einstein condensation
No full textThis paper attempts to highlight quantitatively the growth and development of research work in this field on Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC) in terms of publication output as per Science Citation Index (1982-2005). During 1982–2005 a total of 5258 papers were published by the scientists in this field. The average number of publications published per year were 219. The highest number of papers 814 were published in 2004. There were 77 countries involved in the research in this field. USA is the top producing country with 1632 publications (31%) followed by Germany with 620 publications (11.79%). Authorship and collaboration trend was towards multiauthored papers. Intensive collaboration was found during 1996-2005. One paper “Astrophysical Journal 543 (1), (2000), L39-L42” had 56 collaborators. There were 1635 international collaborative papers. Bilateral collaboration accounted for 24 percent of total collaborative papers. National Institute of Standards & Technology (USA) topped the list with 179 publications followed by University of Colorado (USA) with 160 publications. The most prolific authors were: W. Ketterle (USA) with 93 publications, K. Burnett (England) and M. Lewenstein (England) with 68 publications each and S. Stringari with 57 publications. The most preferred journals by the scientists were : Physical Review- A with 1504 papers, Physical Review Letters with 824 papers, Journal of Physics-B with 205 papers, Physical Review- B with 178 papers, Physics Letters-A with157 papers, Physical Review –E with 122 papers and Journal of Low Temperature Physics with 102 papers. The high frequency keywords were : Bose-Einstein Condensation (2012), Gases (1928), Atoms (860), and Dynamics (493)
Studies On Application Of Control Systems For Urban Water Networks
No full textManagement and supply of water in an urban water distribution system is a complex process, which include various complexities like pressure variations across the network depending on topography, demand variations depending on customers’ requirement and unaccounted water etc. Applying automatic control methods to water distribution systems is a way to improve the management of water distribution. There have been some attempts in recent years to develop optimal control algorithms to assist in the operation of complex water distribution systems. The difficulties involved by these hydraulic systems such as non-linearity, and diurnal demand patterns make the choice of a suitable automatic control method a challenge. For this purpose, this study intends to investigate the applicability of different controllers which would be able to meet the targets as quickly as possible and without creating undue transients.
As a first step towards application of different controllers, PD and PID linear controllers have been designed for pump control and valve control in water distribution systems. Then a Dynamic Inversion based nonlinear controller has been designed by considering the non-linearities in the system. Here, different cases considering the effects of initial conditions used, linearization methods used, time step used for integration and selection of gains etc., have been studied before arriving at best controller. These controllers have been designed for both the flow control problems and level control problems. It is found that Dynamic Inversion-based nonlinear controller outperforms other controllers.
It is well known that the performance of controllers is much dependent on the tuning of the gains (parameters). Thus in this study various alternative techniques such as Ziegler--Nichols rules (ZNPID), Genetic algorithms (GAPID) and fuzzy algorithms (FZPID) have been studied and a comparative study has been made Although with all the three gain tuning methods, required states have reached their target values, but the responses vary much in reaching to final targets. The self-tuned FZPID controller outperforms other two controllers, especially with regard to overshoots and the time taken to tune the gains for each problem.
Further, an optimal DI controller is developed for the over determined case with more controls and less targets. Energy loss is considered as an objective function and normal DI controller equations are considered as constraints. Hence, an attempt is made to reduce the energy minimization in water distribution system by formulating an optimal control problem using optimal Dynamic Inversion concept.
Finally, leakage reduction model is developed based on excessive pressure minimization problem by locating valves optimally as well as by setting valves optimally. For this purpose, optimization problem is solved using Pattern search algorithms and hydraulic analysis is carried out using EPANET program
Forman Christian College Magazine
No full textLall, A. S.-Editorial. pp. 1-2; Bhatty, M. S.-Essay-The Late Sir Mohammad Shafi. pp. 3-5; Parmanand, A.-Essay-The Late Bishop Durrant. pp. 5-6; Harmandar Singh-In Memoriam. pp. 6-7; Gnanamoni, P.-Travelogue-My Trip to Lahol. pp. 7-9; Maqbool Elahi-Dash Down you wretched Cult of the Pen. pp. 10-12; Parkashananda-The Struggle of Life. pp. 12; Mohd. Yamin Qureshi-Poetry-The Public. pp. 13; Din Dyal-Better Death than Life Like this. pp. 13-14; Krishan Kumar Seth-Books in Small Print. pp. 14-16; Harmandar Singh-The Ordeal of Writing. pp. 16-17; Anand Mohan Ahuja-The Culture of Beauty. pp. 18-19; Harmandar Singh-Weighed and Found Wanting. pp. 19-20; Mohd. Yamin Qureshi-News and Notes. pp. 20-23; Jain, M. P.-Sports News. pp. 24-26; Parmanand, A.-Round the Hostels. pp. 26-27; Obituary. pp. 28-31; [Hindi]. 8 p.; Punjabi Kiyari [Punjabi] 4 p.; [Urdu]. 12 p
Scientometric Portrait of Homi Jehangir Bhabha: The Father of Indian Nuclear Research Programme
No full textQuantitative and qualitative analysis with graphic representation of the publication productivity of a scientist facilitates easy and clear perception about the work of a scientist. Bhabha’s scientific work spanned over more than three decades (1933-1967) during which he published 104 publications, which could be classified into nine fields: Interaction of Radiation with Matter (4), Quantum Electrodynamics (5), Mathematical Physics (2), Cosmic Ray Physics (18), Elementary Particle Physics (14), Field Theory (15), General Physics (2), Nuclear Physics (4) and General (40). The highest number of publications (6) were published in 1941, 1945 and 1964 respectively. The average number of publications published per year was 3.05. His productivity coefficient was 0.05 which is a clear indicates that his publication productivity was quite consistent throughout his scientific career. He was single author in 79 of his publications and the main author in 24 publications indicates that he always preferred to work himself and lead the team as ‘mentor’. Bhabha had 22 collaborators during the period. Team of research collaborators working with a successful scientist documents the sociological aspect of history of science while generating knowledge by a leader in a domain.
Bhabha became a citable author in 1937. Bhabha received 1211 citations to his 30 publications out of 104 publications. Out of 104, 74 publications did not receive any citations. Out of 74 publications, 40 publications dealt subjects mainly of general interest. Bhabha’s 86.66 percent of cited publications received their first citations within four years of their publication indicates that his publications were noticed immediately and had direct impact among the fellow researchers working all over the world. His overall citation rate was 11.64 per cited publication. The highest citations 389 were received to the domain ‘Cosmic ray physics’. The highest number of citations received were 45 in 1938. His self-citations were only 24 (1.98%) and citations by others were 1187 (98.02%). The highest self citations were six in 1946. Bhabha’s mean diachronous self-citation rate was 1.98. The highest citation rate 28.4 was to the domain ‘Quantum electrodynamics. His single authored publications have received the highest number 863 (71.26%) of citations. Bhabha’s five publications have been cited more than 100 times each. His publications have been cited by the authors working in various diverse fields like nuclear physics, mathematical physics, instrumentation, optics, geophysics and geochemistry, condensed matter physics, applied physics, electrical and electronic engineering, mechanical engineering etc., indicating a very diverse influence and impact of Bhabha’s publications. Bhabha’s publications have also been cited by the Nobel laureates like V. L. Ginzberg, Wolfgang Pauli, H. A. Bethe, M. Born, W. Bothe, E. P. Wigner, H. Yukawa, P. M. S. Blackett and C. N. Yang which is an indication of his originality of ideas and high quality of publications
Development And Control Of Urban Water Network Models
No full textWater distribution systems convey drinking water from treatment plant and make available to consumers’ taps. It consists of essential components like pipes, valves, pumps, tanks and reservoirs etc. The main concern in the working of a water distribution system is to assure customer demands under a choice of quantity and quality throughout the complete life span for the probable loading situations. However, in some cases, the existing infrastructure may not be adequate to meet the customer’s requirements. In such cases, system modeling plays an important role in proper management of water supply systems. In present scenario, modeling plays a significant task in appropriate execution of water distribution system.
From the angle of taking management decisions valve throttling control and pumps speed control are very important. These operational problems can be addressed by manual control or by automatic control. The problem is the use of manual controls that slow down the effectiveness of the system. It reduces the efficiency of operation of valve or pump. To improve the efficiency of such water distribution systems, an automatic control based technology has been developed that links the operation of the variable speed pump control or valve throttling control. By employing an automatic control, the pump can adjust its speed at all times to meet the actual flow requirements of each load served.
In case of real system design Simulink is the most widely used tool. Commercial software package Matlab/Simulink used for creation of WDS model. The goal was to produce a model that could numerically analyze the dynamic performance of a water distribution system. A Comparison of single platform methodology (Simulink based control) and double platform methodology (Matlab and EPANET based control) has been done. Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion (DI) Control system model is developed for WDS model in Matlab/Simulink environment. Controller gain parameters are the very important value in control prospective. If the controller gain parameters are chosen incorrectly, the controlled process input can be unstable, i.e. its output diverges, with or without oscillation Tuning is the adjustment of control parameters (gains) to the optimum values for the desired control response. There are several methods for tuning controller like manual tuning (Trial and error procedure), Ziegler-Nichols method, Output Constraint Tuning (OCT) etc.
Establishment of a pump operational policy by which all the reservoirs can be fed simultaneously to meet their requirements without creating undue transients. Tune the gain of DI controllers by different tuning methods and evaluate the best tuning method on the basis of controller performance. Development of meaningful additional objective is search of lower bound pump speed on the basis of control time or settling time. To bring the pump speeds in feasible range, application of constraint in pumps speed is introduced. The magnitude of constraints can be found using Monte Carlo methods. Monte Carlo methods are frequently used in simulating physical and mathematical systems. This method may be the most commonly applied statistical method in engineering and science disciplines. Another benefit is providing increased confidence that a model is robust using Monte Carlo testing.
Model development for generalized control system for water distribution network provides the simplification needed for the simulation of large systems. Model development is based on the study of symmetric and non symmetric small, irregular networks, as well as large, regular and open bifurcating water distribution system. The problem considered in this section is that of flow dynamics in simple to complex, regular network which bifurcates in the form of a branching tree. In addition the control application of the flow network is investigated using valves as the manipulated variables to control branch flow rates. Communication between the network hydraulics coming from EPANET and control algorithm develop on Matlab (Programming Language) can be generalized with the help of development of general purpose control algorithm model
Scaphoideus sculptus Viraktamath & Mohan, 2004, sp. nov.
No full textScaphoideus sculptus sp. nov. Figs 176–185. Scaphoideus festivus Matsumura, Melichar 1903: 195, Figs 8 a–c; Distant 1908 b: 372 –373, Fig. 235 [misidentification]. Coloration resembling that of S. coloratus. Head ochraceous, disc of vertex with a marginal arched piceous line and a transverse reddish brown band between anterior angles of eyes; posterior margin of vertex near eyes piceous, four transverse parallel piceous lines on the upper part of face. Pronotum with anterior and submarginal reddish brown transverse bands, lateral areas of anterior band darker. Basal angles of scutellum brown, area between them reddish brown, a transverse band behind impressed line ivory, area posterior to it dark brown. Mesopleura and metapleura with short oblique fuscous line. Head narrower than pronotum, vertex bluntly rounded in front, 1.7 times longer than interocular width. Claval veins approximated at midlength but not fused. Male genitalia: Pygophore longer than high, caudal end obliquely curved and with tuft of long setae. Subgenital plate triangular with acute apex, an oblique row of four long setae near basal 0.33 length. Connective with stem slender, slightly longer than arms, paraphyses at base inwardly curved with pointed apex, entire surface of paraphyses pustulated. Aedeagus with welldeveloped dorsal apodeme, shaft cylindrical, directed caudally, with a recurved process on either side of base and slightly longer than shaft, gonopore apical. Female genitalia: Hind margin of seventh sternum produced medially. Measurements: Male 4.50 mm long and 1.10 mm wide across eyes. Female 4.70 mm long and 1.19 mm wide across eyes. Material examined: INDIA: holotype ɗ, Karnataka: Mudigere, 7.iv. 1975, C.A. Viraktamath (UAS). Paratypes: INDIA: Karnataka: 1 ɗ, 5 Ψ, data as holotype but collected on 22.v. 1976 and 2 Ψ, on 26.iii. 1977; 2 Ψ, 2.vi. 1978; 1 ɗ, 1 Ψ, data as holotype but collected on 22.v. 1976 by B. Mallik; 1 ɗ, 2 Ψ, data as in holotype but collected on 24.vi. 1989 by V.V.Belavadi; 1 ɗ, 1 Ψ, Nagarhole, 17.i. 1978, C.A. Viraktamath; 1 Ψ, Kemmangundi, 10.iv. 1975, C.A. Viraktamth; 1 Ψ, Jog Falls, 524 m, at light, 16.xi. 1976, B. Mallik; 1 Ψ, same data collected by C.A. Viraktamath; 1 Ψ, Kogur (36 Km W Jog Falls), 18.xi. 1976, B. Mallik. Kerala: 1 ɗ, 6 Ψ, Thekkadi, 26–27.iii. 1977, C.A. Viraktamath (3 Ψ), S. Viraktamath (2 Ψ) and B. Mallik (1 ɗ, 1 Ψ). Tamil Nadu: 1 Ψ, Kodaikanal, v. 1914, T.V.Campbell; 1 Ψ, Valparai, 14.iv. 1981, A.R.V. Kumar (BMNH, NPC, UAS, USNM). SRI LANKA: 1 ɗ, Rakwana, 6.ii. 1953, J.W.S. Pringle, B.M. 1953 175, by sweeping; 1 Ψ, Uva P. Madulsima, 23.v. 1908, T.B.F.; 1 ɗ, 4 Ψ, Peradenyia, collected on different dates during 1904–1914; 1 Ψ, same data but collected on i.05 “ festivus Mats ” (Distant’s handwriting, probably used for description and illustration by Distant, 1908 misidentification of the species); 1 Ψ, same data but collected on 1.x. 1913, by A, Rutherford and misidentified as Scaphoideus festivus Mats. (BMNH). Remarks: S. sculptellus externally resembles sculptus. It also very closely agrees with the female description and illustrations provided by Distant (1908 b) and Melichar (1903) of festivus, suggesting that what these authors had in front of them while describing S. festivus (Matsumura) was either sculptus or sculptellus rather than the species of Matsumura (1902), which is not known to us from the Indian subcontinent.Published as part of Viraktamath, C. A. & Mohan, G. S., 2004, A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent, pp. 1-48 in Zootaxa 578 on pages 38-39, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16910
Optimization of Wastewater Treatment Process in a Bioreactor Through Hydrodynamic-biokinetic Modeling and Experimental Studies
No full textMembrane bioreactor has emerged as one of the leading technologies for treating municipal and industrial wastewater due to its efficiency in producing high-quality effluents. One of the significant challenges in bioreactors is the high energy and operating costs. The diffused aeration process of a bioreactor is the most energy-intensive operation amounting to 45-75% of the plant energy costs. This study attempts to optimize the wastewater treatment (WWT) process in a bioreactor through modeling and experimental studies. The overall aim is to develop efficient models which can be used to reduce the treatment costs of the WWT process while increasing the treatment efficiency.
As a first objective, a multiphase mixture computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed using k- turbulence closure equations and a discrete population balance model (PBM) add-on with specific bubble classes to predict the oxygen mass transfer in synthetic water. The validated model was extended for sensitivity analysis for a diffused aeration system in a bench-scale aeration tank. Results show that the volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficient increased by 15 %, with a decrease in air bubble size by 10 %. In a diffuse aeration system, the air bubbles had a wider distribution, with a larger diameter near the bottom of the bioreactor, and narrow distribution, with a smaller bubble size at the top of the bioreactor.
As a second objective, an integrated model was developed by combining the multiphase CFD model, the PBM sub-model, an activated sludge submodel, and a combined extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) – soluble microbial product (SMP) (CES) submodel to investigate the oxygen uptake rate, the aeration efficiency, and treatment efficiency in bioreactors. Three different scale bioreactors, namely, i) case 1- laboratory, ii) case 2 – pilot, and iii) case 3- full-scale system, were studied. The model predictions on water quality were validated well with the experimental results. The validated model was used for sensitivity analysis to identify optimum conditions. The maximum percentage reduction in chemical oxygen demand and total nitrogen were 17 % and 18 %, respectively, for case 3. Also, a reduction of 32 % in the cost of aeration was observed when the bubble size was reduced to 5 mm (from the current value of 7 mm).
The third objective focused on developing a multiphase CFD – porous- CES model to investigate the effect of hydrodynamics on biofouling and the effect of the EPS and SMP on the cake layer formation. The developed model was validated with experimental observations from the laboratory-scale ultrafiltration hollow fiber membrane setup. Observations showed that as the filtration time increased, the transmembrane pressure (TMP) increased, and the permeate flux decreased. Furthermore, in experimental set 2 (synthetic wastewater with sludge seeding), the effect of cake deposition on TMP and permeate flux was 17% and 1.5% higher, respectively, compared to experimental set 1 (synthetic wastewater with yeast sludge). The validated model was then used to investigate the sensitivity of the CES submodel by comparing it with the sectional resistance submodel. It was observed that the sectional resistance model underpredicted the mass of cake deposited by 13 % and overpredicted the limiting flux by 4 %. The results suggest the importance of accounting for the influence of EPS and SMP on the cake layer formation and biofouling.
The fourth objective of this thesis reports a BioWin©- ASM for optimizing the biological nutrient removal (BNR) in a 55 million liters per day sewage treatment plant (STP). The proposed modification was to incorporate an intermediate virtual anoxic zone to achieve simultaneous nitrification-denitrification and total dissolved phosphorus (TDP as PO4) removal. The hydraulic residence time (HRT), dissolved oxygen (DO), and mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) of the bioreactor were varied to identify the optimum operating conditions. The optimum DO and MLSS levels were identified as 4 mg/L and 4000 mg/L, respectively, and the optimum HRT was found to be 2 h. in the aeration zone, 1 h. in anoxic, and 3 h. in the reaeration zone. Implementing these modifications in the STP, with minimal operational interventions and no capital costs, improved its performance as predicted by the model. The total nitrogen and TDP (as PO4) reduced from 20 mg/L to 8 mg/L and 3.5 mg/L to 0.9 mg/L, respectively, and met the revised discharge standards. This intervention gave a cost saving of approximately 5.6 million USD.
This work has demonstrated that the numerical models can be successfully used to optimize the treatment efficiency while reducing the capital (membrane replacement) costs and operating (aeration) costs of a bioreactor. The time and efforts required for identifying the optimum conditions through numerical modeling are significantly less than physically characterizing the bioreactor (and varying the conditions to optimize them)
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