1,722,710 research outputs found
Towards reasoning and coordinating action in the mental space
No full textUnlike a purely reactive system where the motor output is exclusively controlled by the actual sensory
input, a cognitive system must be capable of running mental processes which virtually simulate action
sequences aimed at achieving a goal. The mental process either attempts to find a feasible course of
action compatible with a number of constraints (Internal, Environmental, Task Specific etc) or selects
it from a repertoire of previously learned actions, according to the parameters of the task. If neither
reasoning process succeeds, a typical backup strategy is to look for a tool that might allow the operator
to match all the task constraints. This further necessitates having the capability to alter ones own
goal structures to generate sub-goals which must be successfully accomplished in order to achieve the
primary goal. In this paper, we introduce a forward/inverse motor control architecture (FMC/ IMC)
that relaxes an internal model of the overall kinematic chain to a virtual force field applied to the end
effector, in the intended direction of movement. This is analogous to the mechanism of coordinating the
motion of a wooden marionette by means of attached strings. The relaxation of the FMC/IMC pair
provides a general solution for mentally simulating an action of reaching a target position taking into
consideration a range of geometric constraints (range of motion in the joint space, internal and external
constraints in the workspace) as well as effort-related constraints (range of torque of the actuators, etc.).
In case, the forward simulation is successful, the movement is executed; otherwise the residual “error”
or measure of inconsistency is taken as a starting point for breaking the action plan into a sequence
of sub actions. This process is achieved using a recurrent neural network (RNN) which coordinates
the overall reasoning process of framing and issuing goals to the forward inverse models, searching for
alternatives tools in solution space and formation of sub-goals based on past context knowledge and present inputs. The RNN+FMC/IMC system is able to successfully reason and coordinate a diverse range of reaching and grasping sequences with/without tools. Using a simple robotic platform (5 DOF Scorbot arm+Stereo vision) we present results of reasoning and coordination of arm/tool movements (real and mental simulation) specifically directed towards solving the classical 2-stick paradigm from animal reasoning at a non linguistic level
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Sensitivity and specificity of plain radiographs for detection of medial-wall perforation secondary to osteolysis
No full textMedial-wall perforation secondary to pelvic osteolysis impacts planning of acetabular revision surgery and may result in pelvic fracture. We compared commonly used radiographic signs for detecting medial-wall perforation (ballooning or discontinuity of Kohler's line or the iliopubic line) to findings from computed tomography (CT) in 27 cementless total hip arthroplasty patients with pelvic osteolysis. Used alone, none of the radiographic signs examined were reliable for detecting medial-wall perforation. When assessed together, however, the development of a discontinuity of Kohler's line, the iliopubic line, or both on anteroposterior pelvic radiographs was a reliable indicator for the presence of medial-wall perforation. Thus, the authors recommend a CT scan to evaluate the integrity of the medial wall when a discontinuity of Kohler's line or the iliopubic line has occurred and a revision surgery is planned
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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