1,720,958 research outputs found
Occupaional Segregaion, Lack of Diversity and Pay Gap in Computer Science Professions
Get PDFMainstream economists have propagated the “Human Capital” theory emphasizing the link between innate abilities of the labor force and wages earned by them to justify occupational segregation between genders and the wage gap.Proponents of this theory advanced the notion that women are less likely to invest time in building skills through education and job-related training, unlike men do, because women anticipate spending more time than men do at home performing household work. In challenging this theory, feminist economist Barbara Bergamann proposed the “Crowding” hypothesis in which she argues that there are fewer female-dominated occupations than there are male-dominated ones. This leads to crowding of women into smaller pool of occupations available to them. The surplus of female workers, relative to the demand in these female-dominated occupations drive the wages down for women
Climate Change Adaptation Through Economic Democracy
Get PDFMohan investigates and combines three different areas of literature and social movements to discuss the problem of climate change and economic adaptation. The value of this work is that it can be used to communicate among three independent types of social movements and inquiries. This can strengthen and connect dispersed yet overlapping efforts in addressing work issues, resource utilization, economic governance and participation, and ecological problems economies face today
Agriculture: A Feminist Commodity Chain Analysis
Get PDFFeminist Commodity Chain analysis enables economists to situate women within the framework of the global commodity chains, and recognize their roles in creating values in various stages of the commodity chain. Unlike in the “realist” commodity chain, when feminist commodity chain concepts are applied to agriculture, there is emphasis on women as the agents in various nodes of agriculture commodity chain, from the beginning of farming, with sowing of seeds, to the end as consumers of agricultural products. This approach allows researchers to understand how gender ideologies shape the social and structural hierarchies within commodity chains, and account for how value is created in commodity chains through a social reproduction process of consumption of agrifood commodities by women
Early Childhood Care and Education is a Feminist Social Justice Issue
Get PDFWomen, who are viewed as natural caregivers by the society, are overrepresented in childcare occupations. While early childhood care and education determines the trajectory of a child’s development in later years, most economies do not invest enough in developing good quality early childhood care and education. This puts most childcare workers, who are women, in a precarious economic position, and also negatively impacts the development of children. Policies for childcare in the USA, other OECD member countries and the Global South are different with vastly different outcomes for the well-being of women and children. A paradigm shift in the ways we conceptualize work, care, and economy is necessary to ensure our economic activities support the process of social reproduction. Investments in high quality childcare is one way to guarantee basic rights of women and children, and enable them to reach their highest potential
Extending MNREGA to Address the Social, Economic and Ecological Costs of Climate Change and Create Public Sector Climate Jobs
Get PDFJob Guarantee policies make public sector jobs available for those who are able and willing to work. Job guarantee schemes must work in a democratic and inclusive manner to tackle both unemployment and precarious employment, with the goal of eliminating poverty-wages and poor labor standards. In India, a social welfare measure for job guarantee, MNREGA – Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, was enacted in 2005 with the aim to guarantee the constitutional ‘right to work’. MNREGA scheme guarantees employment for 100 days to one individual in every rural household. In the context of climate-related events and disasters, this paper highlights the social, economic and ecological costs of climate change in India, and explores pathways to extend MNREGA projects to address the dual challenge of climate change and unemployment, by creating public sector jobs targeted to build climate change resilience in India. MNREGA adopts a decentralized approach to plan and implement job guarantee programs in India’s villages. This approach can be further strengthened by increasing the participation of local people in budgeting, planning and implementation for identifying the right job guarantee projects, with climate-friendly outcomes to generate local employment
Climate Change Adaptation through Economic Democracy
Get PDFAs global climate change poses a serious threat to humanity\u27s survival, equitable and just climate change adaptation has become the focus of several climate movements, social justice groups, governments, and international organizations. Climate sciences and studies have concluded that climate change not only impacts the planet\u27s natural ecosystems, but also has cascading negative consequences on society and the economy. The existing paradigm of economic development has created vast wealth and resource inequality. The inequality further exacerbates the ill effects of climate change and makes vulnerable communities bear a disproportionate amount of the burden of climate catastrophes. This necessitates replacing the system that created the climate crisis with a holistic new vision for development to enable a justice-based climate change adaptation and sustainable growth. This paper discusses an integrated socio-economic vision, PROUT - The Progressive Utilization Theory, a climate justice movement, and policy proposals such as Job Guarantee and restructuring the nature of work. This discussion aims to find an alignment between holistic models of growth, policy proposals, and grassroots movements to strengthen communities through economic democracy and enable a justice-based climate change adaptation through self-reliant and resilient local economies
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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