95 research outputs found
chapter 16. Application of precipitation isotopes in pursuit of paleomonsoon reconstruction: an indian perspective
No full textTRU
Erratum: OncoScore: a novel, Internet-based tool to assess the oncogenic potential of genes
No full textScientific Reports 7: Article number: 46290; published online: 07 April 2017; updated: 22 May 2017 The original version of this Article incorrectly listed all author names in reverse. The author list now reads: Rocco Piazza, Daniele Ramazzotti, Roberta Spinelli, Alessandra Pirola, Luca De Sano, Pierangelo Ferrari, Vera Magistroni, Nicoletta Cordani, Nitesh Sharma & Carlo Gambacorti-Passerini.</jats:p
Engaging citizens in digital public service innovation ecosystems-insights from the Netherlands and Italy
No full textPublic agencies struggle with engaging citizens in digital public service innovation. The notion that citizen engagement in public service innovation can lead to more citizen-friendly digital services is widely accepted. Moreover, citizen engagement has also become an indicator of legitimacy; public service innovation without citizen engagement is more likely to be scrutinized on public values like privacy, transparency, fairness, and citizen control. Yet it remains difficult to engage with citizens throughout the various stages of innovation. Often, the hard question of how to balance system performance and public values in innovation resurfaces, and we cannot leave it to software programmers to answer this question. This short paper reveals how the Netherlands and Italy are engaging citizens in public service innovation. We found that in both countries, the quadruple helix approach is gaining support and citizen engagement is increasingly becoming the norm rather than the exception. Both countries are gaining experience with new citizen engagement methods like user-driven prototyping and living labs. We found that these methods increase empathy, creativity and reflection on ethical dilemmas. Following such methods also signals to policymakers that a democratic process was followed, ultimately backing a specific innovation direction. Other countries looking to enhance citizen engagement in public services innovation can benefit from the insights presented in this paper.Information and Communication Technolog
Linkage between precipitation isotopes and biosphere-atmosphere interaction observed in northeast India
No full text© 2022, The Author(s).The intra-seasonal variation in precipitation isotopes shows a characteristic declining trend over northeast India. As of now, no mechanism offers a consistent explanation of this trend. We have performed the isotopic analysis of precipitation (rain) and estimated net ecosystem exchange and latent heat fluxes using an eddy-covariance system in northeast India. Additionally, we have used a diagnostic model to determine the recycled rainfall in this region. We find a strong link between the enhanced ecosystem productivity and isotopic enrichment in rainwater during the premonsoon season. Subsequently, on the advent of monsoon, the Bay of Bengal generated moisture enters this region and depletes the isotopic values. Additionally, the regional-scale convective activities produce periodic lows in the precipitation isotopes. Contrary to the general understanding, our study shows that the internal factors, such as the local land-atmosphere interactions, rather than the external influences, play a significant role in governing the precipitation isotopes in northeast India.11Nsciescopu
Regulation of cadherin adhesion at intercellular junctions
Full text linkAdhesion proteins maintain cell-cell interactions, which are critical for tissue formation and the hierarchical organization of all multicellular organisms, and among them, cadherins are the major transmembrane cell-cell adhesion proteins in all vertebrate tissues. Regulation of cadherin mediated adhesion at cell-cell junctions is crucial to our understanding of development and disease. This thesis focuses on the regulation of cadherin adhesion, which can be influenced by its extracellular domain interactions, ligand or antibody binding, post translational modifications, or inside out signaling from cytoplasmic binding proteins.
In this thesis, micropipette-based adhesion frequency measurements of cadherin-mediated, cell-cell binding kinetics identified a unique kinetic signature that appears to reflect both adhesive (trans) bonds between cadherins on opposing cells and lateral (cis) interactions between cadherins on the same cell. These kinetic measurements were used to assess the impact of confinement within narrow adhesion zones on the assembly of intercellular adhesions. Specifically, a unique kinetic signature suggested the formation of lateral interactions that were not detected in solution binding assays. Mutations postulated to disrupt lateral cadherin association altered the kinetic signature, but did not affect cadherin binding affinity. Perturbed kinetics further correlated with altered cadherin clustering at cell-cell junctions, wound healing dynamics, and paracellular permeability.
Adhesion frequency measurements were used to demonstrate the allosteric regulation of cadherin adhesive function. In this thesis, measured kinetics of cadherin-mediated intercellular adhesion demonstrated quantitatively that activating anti-E-cadherin monoclonal antibodies or the dephosphorylation of a cytoplasmic binding partner, p120 catenin, increased the homophilic binding affinity of E-cadherin on Colo 205 cells. Further studies of Colo 205 cells demonstrated that four treatments, which similarly altered p120 catenin phosphorylation resulted in quantitatively similar enhancement in E-cadherin affinity.
Using this approach, I further investigated the effect of N-linked and O-linked glycosylation on E-cadherin activity and function. Results revealed that, contrary to the influence of glycosylation on N-cadherin function, N-glycosylation of E-cadherin in the EC4 and EC5 domains negatively regulated cadherin adhesion, by altering binding kinetics and clustering at cell-cell junctions. This suggests the influence of N-glycosylation depends on its position in the cadherin ectodomain.
In conclusion, this dissertation describes studies which elucidated different mechanisms regulating cadherin adhesive function. Results showed that cadherin binding is regulated by its ectodomain interactions at cell-cell junctions, by glycosylation, and by allosteric inside-out signaling. These findings were enabled by the adhesion frequency measurements, which enabled quantitative assessment of cadherin binding function, in the native context of the cell membrane and cytosolic binding partners.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2018-08-01The student, Nitesh Shashikanth, accepted the attached license on 2016-06-15 at 11:56.The student, Nitesh Shashikanth, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2016-06-15 at 12:01.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2016-06-16 at 14:36.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #9668 on 2016-11-10 at 12:24:30Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-10T18:39:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2016-06-16Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 95428
Lift date: 2018-11-10T18:39:22Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 95428
Lift date: 2018-11-10T18:43:22Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 95428 on 2018-11-11T10:15:12Z
Task-Guided and Semantic-Aware Ranking for Academic Author-Paper Correlation Inference
No full textWe study the problem of author-paper correlation inference in big scholarly data, which is to effectively infer potential correlated works for researchers using historical records. Unlike supervised learning algorithms that predict relevance score of author-paper pair via time and memory consuming feature engineering, network embedding methods automatically learn nodes' representations that can be further used to infer author-paper correlation. However, most current models suffer from two limitations: (1) they produce general purpose embeddings that are independent of the specific task; (2) they are usually based on network structure but out of content semantic awareness. To address these drawbacks, we propose a task-guided and semantic-aware ranking model. First, the historical interactions among all correlated author-paper pairs are formulated as a pairwise ranking loss. Next, the paper's semantic embedding encoded by gated recurrent neural network, together with the author's latent feature is used to score each author-paper pair in ranking loss. Finally, a heterogeneous relations integrative learning module is designed to further augment the model. The evaluation results of extensive experiments on the well known AMiner dataset demonstrate that the proposed model reaches significant better performance, comparing to a number of baselines.We would like to thank Yuxiao Dong for suggestions. This work is supported by the Army Research Laboratory under Cooperative Agreement Number W911NF-09-2-0053 and the National Science Foundation (NSF) grant IIS-1447795. This work is partially supported by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
Challenging the chain. Governing the automated exchange and processing of business information
No full textInformation and Communication Technolog
GOV-LLM: Using Large Language Models for Bench-Marking GovTech Innovation
No full textGovernments are increasingly dependent on GovTech, which is the technology that facilitates processes in the public sector. Benchmarking the state of GovTech is done by governments and yields indispensable insights, which are used for optimising resource utilisation, identifying areas for improvement, and facilitating evidence-based policy prioritisation. Current benchmarking efforts are resource-intensive, time-intensive, and have limited scope, resulting in an inefficient assessment of GovTech innovation.This thesis explores the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) to overcome the practical limitations of existing GovTech benchmarking methods, analysing the GovTech Maturity Index of the World Bank as a case study. Using an LLM and leveraging state-of-the-art techniques, including fine-tuning, Retrieval Augmented Generation, and Prompt Engineering, the usability of these models as an artefact for GovTech benchmarking is assessed. The results show that the best-performing model outperforms the random chance accuracy, indicating that the LLM not only understands the question and data format, but also contains the information to correctly answer the benchmark questions. The research concludes that the created artefact has the potential to improve GovTech benchmarking, resulting in more informed policy decision making.The thesis contributes valuable insights to the field of the GovTech research field by making GovTech benchmarking more efficient, leading to a better analysis of the current GovTech market, and contributing to the academic debate on GovTech market analysis. Furthermore, by streamlining the Dutch benchmarking process, resulting in more accurate insights, the study contributes to the advancement of GovTech solutions within the Netherlands, ultimately benefiting society as a whole.The artefact created in this research has significant policy relevance, as more efficient benchmarking allows policymakers to better optimise resource allocation, identify key areas for investment, and improve evidence-based policy changes regarding GovTech.The limitations of this research include model inaccuracies, challenges in handling long contexts, and the potential for incorrect answers. An ethical analysis is performed, from which it can be concluded that the relevance of the information used by the models is the most apparent ethical concern. Future research may focus on improving the models to better handle long contexts, reducing inaccuracies, and improving the overall performance in populating GovTech benchmarks by incorporating additional data sources and improving the models. The research design is limited by the lack of environmental aspects in the process and the narrow scope of using a single benchmark for one country. As next steps, this research proposes a roadmap that includes the continuation of the development of the artefact, the extension of ethical analysis, the performance of trials, and the beginning of a wider application of the artefact.Engineering and Policy Analysi
eIDAS Implementation Challenges: The Case of Estonia and the Netherlands
No full textSolid eID (electronic identification) infrastructures form the backbone of today’s digital transformation. In June 2014, the European Commission adopted the eIDAS regulation (electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the internal market) as a major initiative towards EU-wide eID interoperability; which receives massive attention in all EU member states in recent years. As a joint effort of Estonia and the Netherlands, this study provides a comparative case study on eIDAS implementation practices of the two countries. The aim was to analyze eIDAS implementation challenges of the two countries and to propose a variety of possible solutions to overcome them. During an action learning workshop in November 2019, key experts from Estonia and the Netherlands identified eIDAS implementation challenges and proposed possible solutions to the problems from the policy maker, the service provider and the user perspective. As a result, we identified five themes of common challenges: compliance issues, interpretation problems, different practices in member states, cooperation and collaboration barriers, and representation of legal persons. Proposed solutions do not only involve changes in the eIDAS regulation, but different actions to develop an eIDAS framework and to improve cross-border service provision - which has recently become an important topic among member states. Eventually, the study provides practical input to the ongoing eIDAS review process and can help member states to overcome eIDAS implementation challenges.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Information and Communication Technolog
Future government data strategies: Data-driven enterprise or data steward?: Exploring definitions and challenges for the government as data enterprise
No full textComparable to the concept of a data(-driven) enterprise, the concept of a ggovernment as data (-driven) enterprise' is gaining popularity as a data strategy. However, what it implies is unclear. The objective of this paper is to clarify the concept of the government as data (-driven) enterprise, and identify the challenges and drivers that shape future data strategies. Drawing on literature review and expert interviews, this paper provides a rich understanding of the challenges for developing sound future government data strategies. Our analysis shows that two contrary data strategies dominate the debate. On the one hand is the data-driven enterprise strategy that focusses on collecting and using data to improve or enrich government processes and services (internal orientation). On the other hand, respondents point to the urgent need for governments to take on data stewardship, so other parties can use data to develop value for society (external orientation). Since these data strategies are not mutually exclusive, some government agencies will attempt to combine them, which is very difficult to pull off. Nonetheless, both strategies demand a more data minded culture. Moreover, the successful implementation of either strategy requires mature data governance - something most organisations still need to master. This research contributes by providing more depth to these strategies. The main challenge for policy makers is to decide on which strategy best fits their agency's roles and responsibilities and develop a shared roadmap with the external actors while at the same time mature on data governance.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Information and Communication Technolog
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